青少年網球選手壓力知覺、因應策略與身心倦怠關係之研究

The Relationships of Perceived Stress, Coping Strategies,and Burnout Among Adolescent Tennis Players

簡敬倫(Ching-Lun Chien)

指導教授 ： 楊欽城 ； 張瑞興

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/休閒事業管理系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究旨在以青少年網球選手為對象，探討壓力知覺、因應策略以及身心倦怠的關係，主要目的為：（一）比較不同背景變項之青少年網球選手在壓力知覺、因應策略以及身心倦怠的差異情　形。（二）探討青少年網球選手壓力知覺、因應策略以及身心倦怠的相關情形。（三）探討青少年網球選手壓力知覺對因應策略的預測情形。（四）探討青少年網球選手因應策略對身心倦怠的預測情形。
　　母群體為參加「101年全國中等學校運動會」網球競賽的選　手，利用便利抽樣法選取自願參與調查的選手為對象，共264 位，平均年齡為15.85 (SD=1.61) 歲。讓其填寫背景問卷、壓力知覺量表、因應競賽壓力策略量表及運動員倦怠量表後，將收集資料以變異數分析、積差相關分析及迴歸分析處理。獲得結果如下：
（一）賽齡方面，「1年以上未滿3年」在減少成就感得分顯著高 於「5年以上」。球齡方面，「1年以上未滿3年」在對運動貶價得分顯著高於「5年以上」。訓練時間方面，「3小時以上未滿5小時」在針對問題策略得分顯著高於「低於1小 時」。
（二）壓力知覺與因應策略全部構面呈顯著正相關，並與身心倦 怠之對運動貶、情緒與身體耗竭呈顯著正相關。因應策略 之針對問題策略與身心倦怠之減少成就感呈顯著負相關；針對情緒策略則與對運動貶價、情緒與身體耗竭呈顯著負 相關；逃避策略則與身心倦怠全部構面呈顯著正相關。
（三）壓力知覺可以正向的預測針對問題策略、針對情緒策略及 逃避策略。
（四）逃避策略可以正向的預測對運動貶價、情緒與身體耗竭以 及減少成就感，針對問題策略、針對情緒策略則可負向的預測對運動貶價、情緒與身體耗竭以及減少成就感。
　　本研究將依據結果發現與結論，針對運動訓練及未來方向提出具體建議，以供後續研究參考。

關鍵字

身心倦怠 ； 因應策略 ； 競賽壓力 ； 網球選手

並列摘要

This study is for the participants with the adolescent tennis players and to explore the relationship among perceived stress, coping strategies, and burnout. The main purpose of this study was: (1) to compare the differences among the different background variables of adolescent tennis players in perceived stress, coping strategies, and burnout. (2) To examine the relationships of perceived stress, coping strategies, and burnout among adolescent tennis players. (3) To understand the prediction of perceived stress on coping strategies for the adolescent tennis players. (4) To understand the prediction of perceived stress and coping strategies on burnout for the adolescent tennis players.
The parent populations were adolescent tennis players as the participants from the 2012 National High School Athletic Games. Convenience sampling was employed to select a total 264 players from the voluntary participation and completion of the investigation. The average age was 15.85 (SD=1.61) years old. After providing informed consent, participants were asked to respond to background questionnaire, perceived stress, coping strategies, and burnout inventories. All of collection data has been analyzed by using analysis of variance, product-moment correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as following:
(1) In the competitive experience, compared the “more than 1 year less than three years”, the “more than 5 years” was higher reduced sense of accomplishment of burnout. In the training experience, compared the “more than 1 year less than three years”, the “more than 5 years” was higher devaluation of sport of burnout. In the training time of day, compared the “less 1 hours”, the “more than 3 hour less than five hours” was higher “problem-focused” of coping strategies.
(2) There were positively correlations between perceived stress and all dimensions of coping strategies, and the perceived stress positively correlated with devaluation of sport and emotional/ physical exhaustion of burnout. There were negatively correlations between problem-focused of coping strategy and reduced sense of accomplishment of burnout, and emotion-focused of coping strategy negatively correlated with devaluation of sport and emotional/physical exhaustion of burnout. Additional, the avoidance of coping strategy positively correlated with all dimensions of coping strategies.
(3) The perceived stress can be a positive prediction for the problem- focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance of coping strategy.
(4) The avoidance of coping strategy can be a positive prediction for devaluation of sport, emotional/physical exhaustion, and reduced sense of accomplishment of burnout, and the predicted effect was negative for the problem-focused and emotion-focused of coping strategy.
Based on the results and the conclusions, this study will offer opinions and suggestions for the athletic training and the subsequent related studies.

並列關鍵字

competitive stress ； tennis players ； coping strategies ； burnout

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