移圈織襪機可製性分析與改善研究

由於襪機製造業是傳統產業之一，在過去的製造過程往往仰賴師傅的經驗法則來製造、組裝織襪機設備，對於各零組件的公差、調校等尚無科學化的方式來傳承，進而造成新進人員要花很多時間來了解織襪機的調校技巧，造成企業培育人才的負擔。若能明確訂出調校的部位、減少累積公差所造成較大的偏移，就能提高組裝效率。因此本論文針對襪機製造業進行個案研究。對所屬之企業的「移圈織襪機」的生產、組裝流程利用觀察法與工程分析法來紀錄與分析，探討各組裝工位順序及注意要點；並在首要組裝步驟提出一「量治具」同時擁有組裝與調校的功能，利用頂心原理，再配合織襪機平台的三點圓孔作為定位，從「未導入治具」的661秒減少至「導入治具」的472秒，改善幅度為28%，已有效協助組裝人員能提高效率、增加產能。

關鍵字

量治具；工程分析法；觀察法；組裝調教；織襪機

並列摘要

Sock knitting machine manufacturing is one of many traditional industries, and in the past, manufacturing procedures such as the production and assembly of sock machine components relied heavily on the experience of seasoned workers. The engineering tolerance and adjustment process of these components could not be passed on in a scientific manner, resulting in the necessity of new employees spending valuable time in the learning of sock machine adjustment techniques, and thereby causing significant drawbacks in enterprise personnel training and production efficiency. If component parts that require adjustment could have been clearly specified with instructions so as to mitigate the shifting caused by accumulated tolerance, assembly efficiency could have been enhanced significantly. By a case study, this study uses observation and engineering analysis methods to record and analyze the manufacturing and assembly procedures of the “Loop-Transfer sock knitting machine”, in order to understand the sequence of assembly stations and important points of the entire procedure. A “jig and fixture” was proposed in the key assembly procedures to improve the efficiency and production rate of assembly workers.