異性戀社會工作者倡導同志權益之經驗探究

本研究旨在探究異性戀社會工作者倡導同志權益之經驗，從研究參與者在踏入倡導之路前所接觸的同志經驗拉開序幕，並以研究參與者的性別視框與角度來瞭解倡導同志權益的經驗與歷程。為探求研究問題，本研究採質性研究方法，並以詮釋現象學的哲學理念與觀點作為研究策略，進行研究文本之資料蒐集、分析與詮釋，映現出異性戀社會工作者經歷倡導同志權益之經驗的本質與樣貌。　　透過深度抽樣與深度訪談，本研究共訪談了三位有過倡導同志權益之經驗的異性戀社會工作者，得出以下研究發現與討論：一、在勾勒研究參與者對同志的起始記憶裡，與同志形成良好的互動關係是倡導之路的起點；二、專業的養成與個人之冀望對研究參與者踏出異性戀衣櫃的萌想為重要關鍵，對異性戀霸權的反思與實踐是踏進倡導之路的第一步；三、重要他人的看法及支持與否並未影響研究參與者持續走在同志權益的倡導之路上的昂首姿態，反而是身體力行的最佳倡導途徑；四、在研究參與者的倡導之路上，同志權益的倡導途徑與策略可分為服務對象個人之倡導、社區層面之倡導，以及社會階層之倡導，而倡導之路的最大挑戰來自於社會對同志族群根深蒂固的偏見，因此研究參與者會評估當前的倡導困境選擇最恰當的應變方式。另外，倡導的壓力源於個人與外在，而倡導的力量則源於自身、他人，以及工作成就，亦是抒解和因應壓力的最佳良藥；五、在同志空間裡的異性戀社會工作者體悟到成為性少數的感受，無論是在異性戀空間抑或同志空間裡都有過被預設同志的經驗，而異性戀的身分在同志權益的倡導上可作為倡導策略，但在其中仍存有各自的助力與阻力；六、與其他社會工作者的際遇中，研究參與者體察到有些社會工作者對同志知能有所不足，即使作為社會工作者仍可能隱含著恐同情結，亦即專業倫理與個人價值的衝突，此時提供預防針式的教育與協助及陪伴練習敏感度極其重要；七、研究參與者作為異性戀倡導同志權益的整合中，可歸納出省思、啟示以及想望，而擊破二元對立的性別觀點與學習尊重包容是營造性別友善空間的捷徑，倘若偏見是隱疾，那麼知識就是良藥。　　最後，依據前述之研究結果，針對同志實務工作與社會工作教育提出相關建議，以提供實務工作者作為服務參考，也冀望本研究能給予任何想致力於同志議題的助人者們或進行相關研究的夥伴參考。

關鍵字

同志；同志權益；直同志；異性戀社會工作者；倡導

並列摘要

The current study aimed to examine heterosexual social workers’ experience of advocating LGBTSQQ rights, starting from the LGBTSQQ experiences that the participants got in touch with and moving towards experience and progress of advocating LGBTSQQ rights in light of the participants’ gender lenses and angles. A qualitative method was adopted to probe into the research questions. Philosophical thinking and perspectives of hermeneutical phenomenology was included as the research strategies for data collection, analysis, and interpretation, manifesting the nature and picture of heterosexual social workers’ experience of advocating LGBTSQQ rights. 　　With intensity sampling and in-depth interviews, three homosexual social workers having experience in advocating LGBTSQQ rights were interviewed. The results were as follows: 1. As regards the participants’ initial memory for homosexuals, forming a good relationship with homosexuals was the starting point of advocacy. 2. Professional cultivation and personal expectation were key to the participants’ originated thoughtof coming out the heterosexual closets. Introspection and practice of heteronormativity were the first step to advocatingLGBTSQQ rights. 3. Respecting others’ opinions and whether to advocate or not did not keep the participants from proudly moving along the path of advocating LGBTSQQ rights, but turned out to be the best gateway to advocacy. 4. In the process of advocating LGBTSQQ rights, the getaway to and strategy of advocacy could be divided into three types: individuals, social aspects, and social strata. The biggest challenge in advocacy came from the society’s deep-rooted bias against homosexuals. Therefore, the participants would assess current challenges in advocacy and choose the most appropriate responsive measures. Furthermore, while the stress of advocacy resulted from personal and external factors, the power for advocacy originated from the self, others, and achievement at work. Such power was also the panacea for alleviating and responding to stress. 5. Heterosexual social workers in the homosexual space sensed the feeling of being a sexual minority. Whether in heterosexual or homosexual spaces, they were presumed to be homosexual. While the identity of being a heterosexual could be a strategy of advocating LGBTSQQ rights, respective benefits and challenges still existed. 6. During the interaction with other social workers, the participants sensed that some social workers had insufficient knowledge of homosexuals. Even as a social worker, homophobia might still exist, demonstrating the conflict between professional ethics and personal values. To this end, preventive education and assistance as well as accompanied sensitivity practice were vital. 7. The heterosexual participants’advocacy for LGBTSQQ rights could be categorized as introspection, inspiration, and hope. Destroying the dichotomous gender perspectives and learning to respect as well as accept were the access to creating gender-neutral spaces. If bias is a unmentionable disease, then knowledge is the cure. 　　Based on the results of the study, suggestions about homosexual practice and social work education for practitioners are provided. It is also hoped that the current study could be the reference to helpers or researchers interested in homosexual issues.

並列關鍵字

LGBTSQQ ； LGBTSQQ Rights ； Straight Allies ； Heterosexual Social Worker ； Advocacy

參考文獻

劉安真（2000）。對同性戀輔導的反思。諮商與輔導，171，23-27。

中文文獻

Google Scholar

中正大學（2018）。性別平等宣導網頁。2018年07月18日，取自：http://140.123.13.141/zh_tw/LGBT/-%E7%9B%B4%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97-%E6%98%AF%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4-%E7%9B%B4%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%87%BA%E6%AB%83%E9%9D%A2%E8%87%A8%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%9B%B0%E9%9B%A3-34076145