臺中市幼兒園餐點現況：比較公立與私立幼兒園飲食供應狀況

Dietary Status of Preschool Children in Kindergarten of Taichung: Comparison in Dietary Supply of Preschool Children in Public and Private Preschool

劉紋菁(Wun-Jing Liou)

指導教授 ： 嚴金恩

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

研究背景：幼兒期均衡營養與飲食是奠定幼兒一生健康的基礎。目前臺灣五歲幼兒進入幼兒園比率達93.74%，幼兒園收托方式多為8小時的全日托育，可見幼兒園已成為今日照顧幼兒的主要場所之一，幼兒園供應的餐點對幼兒營養扮演著重要的角色。本研究目的為瞭解幼兒園餐點現況，並比較公立與私立幼兒園飲食供應狀況。
研究方法：本研究隨機抽取臺中市12所公立幼兒園與12所私立幼兒園，由幼兒園園長或主管填寫研究問卷，研究人員以秤重紀錄方式分析幼兒園的餐點內容，以及收集幼兒園當月的餐點表，評估幼兒園餐點供應狀況。
研究結果：整體而言，幼兒園餐點平均醣類與鈣供應量低於每日膳食營養素參考攝取量；鈉、維生素A與維生素C平均供應量高於每日膳食營養素參考攝取量。公立幼兒園每日平均提供之熱量、蛋白質、醣類、脂肪、膳食纖維、鐵、維生素B1、維生素B2、維生素C顯著高於私立幼兒園。私立幼兒園供應之六大類食物皆未達到每日膳食營養素建議量。
結論：公立幼兒園餐點蛋白質與鈉的每日平均供應量高於二分之一DRIs，私立幼兒園餐點供應的營養素普遍低於二分之一DRIs。建議公立幼兒園應減少豆魚肉蛋類與加工調理食品的份量與次數，以降低幼兒蛋白質與鈉的攝取量；私立幼兒園應均衡提供六大類食物，使各營養素達到建議攝取量。

關鍵字

營養 ； 幼兒園 ； 幼兒 ； 飲食

並列摘要

Background: Having good nutrition and a balanced diet during early childhood is key to infants’ health later on in life. In Taiwan, the rate of 5-year-old children learning in preschools is currently 93.74%. Preschool children typically remain 8 hours at school per day; preschools today are thus one of the main providers of child care, and the meals that they provide have a critical effect on children’s nutritional intake. The objectives of this study were to determine the meals currently offered in preschools and to compare the meals and supplies provided by public and private preschools.
Methods: Twelve public and private preschools from Taichung City were randomly selected for this study. The school principals or supervisors were asked to complete questionnaires, and the meal content was weighed and recorded for analysis. In addition, 1 month of school meal menus were collected to assess the meals that were served.
Results: Overall, the preschool meals contributed on average carbohydrate and calcium amounts that were lower than the dietary reference intakes and on average sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin C amounts that were higher than the dietary reference intakes. Analyzing public preschool meals showed that the average daily supply of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber, iron, and vitamins B1, B2, and C were significantly higher than those of private preschools. In addition, the six major groups of foods supplied in private schools failed to satisfy the recommended dietary allowance.
Conclusions: The average daily serving of protein and sodium in public kindergarten meals is greater than a half of the DRIs of such nutrients. Nutrients in private kindergarten meals are generally lower than a half of their DRIs. Therefore, public kindergartens are recommended to reduce the servings and serving size of meat, fish, eggs, beans, and processed food to reduce the intake of protein and sodium. Private kindergartens should provide balanced meals comprising the six major food groups to meet the DRIs of nutrients.

並列關鍵字

dietary ； nutrition ； kindergarten ； children

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