灌溉圳道底泥重金屬濃度與型態對其生物有效性之影響

Effect of Heavy Metals Concentrations and Forms on Their Bioavailability in Sediment of Irrigation Channel

黃崑傑(Kun-Jie Huang)

指導教授 ： 張簡水紋

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

目前台灣對於底泥重金屬多以重金屬型態來判斷其生物毒性，底泥中重金屬污染若進入農田將會使污染更嚴重。本研究比較底泥以王水消化法測的六種重金屬之全量、序列萃取以及利用環檢所日前公告之酸可揮發性硫化物(Acid-Volatile Sulfide, AVS)及同步萃取金屬量(Simultaneously Extracted Metal, SEM)來判斷底泥彼此相關性，經由進行水稻盆栽試驗而在表層覆蓋底泥中重金屬變化情形，並調整灌溉水降低pH值3單位進行不同頻率灌溉，包括原灌溉水灌溉、添加底泥原灌溉水灌溉、添加底泥一次灌溉、添加底泥間歇灌溉及添加底泥持續灌溉5種進行試驗。
在試驗中水稻的生長情況在第一次種植下可發現水稻死亡的情況，而在第二次種植時，在延後底泥添加能水稻生長情況較為良好。
彰化東西二圳底泥中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn皆超過底泥品質上限或下限值，兩次所採取的底泥中Cd、Cr、Pb多存於殘留態;Cu多存於有機態;Ni多存於鐵錳氧化態及殘留態;Zn則多存於鐵錳氧化態，而在種植後型態皆有不同之變化，AVS及SEM則發現在種植後AVS值會有下降的現象，其中在間歇灌溉中降低量為最大。而試驗中可以發現底泥在硫含量較高的底泥中AVS/SEM判定毒性較低，而底泥則在不同型態中移動各處理間總量變化較小。而硫含量較低的底泥中AVS/SEM判定毒性較高，底泥而多在間歇灌溉中有較明顯的釋出，總量變化幅度也較大。

關鍵字

酸揮發硫化物 ； 底泥 ； 重金屬 ； 序列萃取 ； 同時萃取金屬

並列摘要

At present, Taiwan for sediment heavy metal heavy metal patterns to determine its toxicity, heavy metal contamination in sediment when entering the field will make pollution worse. This study compared the sediment with aqua regia digestion method of measuring the total amount of six heavy metals, serial extraction and utilization of the NIEA has announced the Acid-Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Simultaneously Extracted Metal (SEM) to determine the relevance of sediment each other, coverage of heavy metals in sediments via changes in circumstances after the rice pot experiment surface and irrigation water to lower the pH adjustment 3 units for different frequencies of irrigation, including the original irrigation water irrigation, added at the end Mud yuan irrigation water irrigation, adding sediment once irrigation, intermittent irrigation and add add sediment sediment test five kinds of continuous irrigation.
In the experiment the growth of rice in the first case of rice cultivation can be found in the death, and delayed the growth of rice sediment added to make a significant rise in the second planting.
Shenzhen two things in sediment Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn sediment quality are exceeded the upper or lower limit in sediment taken twice Cd, Cr, Pb save more in the residual state; Cu save more organic state; Ni more deposits of iron and manganese in the oxidation state and residual state; Zn, Fe and Mn are mostly stored in the oxidation state, and in the different planting patterns of change Jie, AVS and SEM is found in AVS value will fall planting ha to, which reduce the amount of the largest in the intermittent irrigation. The test can be found in the higher sulfur content of sediment Sediment AVS / SEM determination is less toxic and sediment movement in different patterns among treatments in total changed little. The low sulfur content of the sediment in AVS / SEM judgment high toxicity, sediments and the release of much more visible in the intermittent irrigation, the amount of change in amplitude is large.

並列關鍵字

Acid-Volatile Sulfide ； Sediment ； Hetals Metals ； Sequential extraction ； Simultaneously Extracted Metal

參考文獻

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