含奈米纖維素之聚碳酸酯母粒開發及其於聚合物混摻之應用研究

The Development of the Masterbatches of Polycarbonate with Cellulose Nanofibers and their use in Blends with Polymers

賴仲哲(ZHONG-ZHE LAI)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2020年)

摘要

本研究採用農業廢棄物的胡蘿蔔渣製備成奈米纖維素，並進一步使用懸浮聚合法來進行表面改質，然後將所得的奈米纖維素加入聚碳酸酯中製備成一系列的奈米複合材料。TEM結果顯示，經2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO)自由基氧化法後的纖維其平均直徑為4.46 nm，而再經懸浮聚合法改質後的纖維其平均直徑為7.65 nm，證實了胡蘿蔔纖維已經成功製備成奈米化胡蘿蔔纖維。FT-IR分析結果顯示，胡蘿蔔纖維經由鹼處理及酸中和處理後可以達到去除木質素及雜質的效果。此外經由FT-IR分析的官能基特性吸收峰也證實TEMPO自由基氧化法、懸浮聚合法等反應皆成功進行。接觸角分析結果顯示，奈米纖維素經由懸浮聚合法之表面改質，其接觸角有所提升，顯示纖維的疏水性已明顯提升，得以有效改善奈米纖維素與聚碳酸酯之間的介面相容性。機械性質分析也顯示經由表面改質之奈米纖維素，對於聚碳酸酯的補強效果優於未改質之奈米纖維素。再者，研究結果顯示經由母粒稀釋所製備的奈米纖維素複合材料，其奈米纖維素在基材中的分散性較直接添加更佳，拉伸強度最高增幅可達到21.75%。在透光性分析中，添加經由改質後之奈米纖維所製備的複合材料，其透光性示大於未改質之奈米纖維，最低透光度也可到達70%，以目視法觀察與純基材毫無差別。

關鍵字

胡蘿蔔 ； 奈米纖維 ； 聚碳酸酯 ； 懸浮聚合法改質

並列摘要

In this study, cellulose nano-fiber (CNF) was prepared from carrot residues from agricultural wastes, and further surface modification was carried out using suspension polymerization. Subsequently, these CNFs were added to polycarbonate (PC) to prepare a series CNF reinforced nano-composites. TEM results show that the average diameter of the fiber after 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical oxidation is 4.46 nm, and the average diameter of the TEMPO oxidized nano-fiber modified by suspension polymerization is 7.65 nm, which confirms that the carrot fiber has been successfully prepared into nano-scale. The results of FT-IR analysis show that the lignin and impurities on carrot fibers can be removed effectively after alkali treatment. In addition, the absorption peak of the functional group analyzed by FT-IR also confirmed that the TEMPO radical oxidation and suspension polymerization method were successfully carried out. Contact angle analysis results show that the contact angle of the CNF modified by suspension polymerization method was increased, indicating that the hydrophobicity of the fiber has been significantly improved. Moreover, this will lead to the better compatibility between CNF and PC matrix. Mechanical property analysis also shows that the surface modified CNF has a stronger reinforcing effect on PC than the unmodified one. Furthermore, the results show that the dispersion of CNF in the matrix of nano-composite prepared by dilution of masterbatch was better than that of the one prepared by directly adding of CNFs. The better dispersion of CNFs in the PC matrix led to the better mechanical properties. The increment of tensile strength of the nano-composite prepared by dilution of masterbatch can reach to 21.75%. In the analysis of transparency, the transmittance of modified CNF containing nano-composite was larger than that of unmodified CNF containing one. The transmittance of the nano-composites containing modified CNFs was larger than 70%, which was close to that of pure PC.

並列關鍵字

Carrot ； Cellulose nano-fiber ； Polycarbonate ； Suspension polymerization

參考文獻

1.Dufresne, A., Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Materials Today 2013, 16 (6), 220-227.

2.Nechyporchuk, O.; Belgacem, M. N.; Bras, J., Production of cellulose nanofibrils: A review of recent advances. Industrial Crops and Products 2016, 93, 2-25.

3.Oksman, K.; Aitomäki, Y.; Mathew, A. P.; Siqueira, G.; Zhou, Q.; Butylina, S.; Tanpichai, S.; Zhou, X.; Hooshmand, S., Review of the recent developments in cellulose nanocomposite processing. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2016, 83, 2-18.

4.Rodriguez, F., Cohen, C., Ober, C., Archer, L., Principles of Polymer Systems. 2015.

5.Qi, X.; Dong, P.; Liu, Z.; Liu, T.; Fu, Q. J. C. S.; Technology, Selective localization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in bi-component biodegradable polyester blend for rapid electroactive shape memory performance. 2016, 125, 38-46.