因地制宜原則在蘇州拙政園、暢園和同里退思園建物設計上之運用

中國傳統園林設計、因地制宜原則，兩者均為道家形上混沌主旨的諸多形下擬態之一。本研究之假設為‘因地制宜原則對蘇州拙政園、同里退思園和蘇州暢園建物與假山、水池及花木間達致一和諧關係一事具重大之影響’。本研究擬以中國典籍（如老子道德經、莊子南華真經、易經等）之調查，來探究道家的形上混沌主旨及傳統象徵主義，再與明代有關中國傳統園林建物設計理論中之因地制宜原則相對照，最後以一些拙政園、退思園和暢園的建物實例來驗証上述假設。

關鍵字

中國傳統園林建物設計；道家形上混沌主旨；形下因地制宜原則

並列摘要

Both the design of traditional Chinese Garden and the principle of dependence upon local conditions are among the various physical mimeses of the Taoist metaphysical ‘Hun-tun’ （chaos） theme. The hypothesis of this essay is that ‘the principle of dependence upon local conditions significantly influences the harmonious relationships among the buildings, artificial mountains, ponds and plants of Su-chou Cho-cheng-yuan, T’ung-li T’ui-szu-yuan and Su-chou Ch’ang-yuan’. This essay intends to prove the above-mentioned hypothesis by way of: 1) the investigation of the contents of Chinese Classics （such as Lao Tz?, Chuang Tz?, I Ching, etc.）so as to explicate the Taoist metaphysical Hun-tun theme and traditional Symbolism; 2) the comparison of these two with the principle of dependence upon local conditions contained in the building design theory of traditional Chinese garden found in Ming garden texts; and 3) the final verification by examining a number of extant garden buildings of Cho-cheng-yuan, T’ui-szu-yuan and Ch’ang-yuan.