農藥廢容器之調查及其廢液之處理技術

Survey of Waste Pesticide Container and Treatment Technology of Pesticide Residue in Waste Container

姜鈞耀(Chun-Yao Chiang)

指導教授 ： 王順成

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

為維護台灣環境及國人健康，調查偽劣農藥之流佈、妥善處理及回收農藥廢容器，乃本研究主要之議題。研究將調查農藥廢容器以探討台灣重要蔬菜生產區之農藥使用種類及用藥型態，及開發並建立農藥廢容器之殘液處理技術，使農藥廢容器可回收再利用，俾解決農藥廢容器於環境堆積問題。民國100年4月至12月農藥廢容器採樣調查之結果，分析得知使用於蔬菜之農藥以殺蟲劑為最多，其次為殺菌劑及除草劑。不同種類農藥用於各類蔬菜樣品之統計，農藥廢容器中，殺蟲劑使用於花椰菜共105件，其中38件為偽藥；高麗菜62件，偽藥為22件，使用偽藥比例約為36%。殺菌劑使用於花椰菜36件，偽藥15件；高麗菜25件，偽藥為8件，使用偽藥比例分別為42%及32%。因此可推測台灣使用農藥偽藥比例甚高，最常用於蔬菜之殺蟲劑及殺菌劑中，約有30%為偽藥。有關農藥廢容器之農藥殘液處理，經過三重複水沖洗後之農藥廢容器殘留情形，如芬化利 (Fenvalerate)之農藥廢容器，經第一次沖洗後芬化利約為63 mg/L，清洗第二次剩餘1.98 mg/L，第三次為0.72 mg/L，添加氧化劑後則低於儀器偵測極限。若以水清洗第一次做為殘留量100%，則三次清洗後殘留量為1.14%，顯示以標準三重複清洗法即可有效去除98.86%之農藥殘液。若農藥容器能於使用完畢後按照標準三重複水沖洗方法清洗，則不需另外添加氧化劑，即可降低農藥殘留量，因此清水沖洗法為解決農藥殘留之重要方法。

關鍵字

殺蟲劑 ； 偽藥 ； 農藥廢容器 ； 殺菌劑 ； 除草劑

並列摘要

To protect the environment and human safety we innovate this study to survey the counterfeit pesticides that used by farmers in the vegetable fields and develop the cleaning technology of pesticide residue in the empty pesticide container. Empty pesticide container are collected from random chose vegetable fields in Changhua, Yunlin and Chiayi county from April, 2011 until December, 2011. From the survey data, we could understand the type and amount of pesticides used by farmer in vegetable fields. The results indicated the insecticide are used most frequently, followed by fungicides and herbicides in vegetable field. According to studies conducted in vegetable fields, 105 insecticide containers were collected from cauliflowers, and 62 insecticide containers from cabbages. Among them, 38 containers from cauliflowers and 22 containers from cabbages were counterfeit insecticide. The percentage of counterfeit insecticide are 36%. Then 36 fungicides containers were collected from cauliflowers and 25 fungicides containers from cabbages in vegetable field. Among them, 15 containers from cauliflowers and 8 containers from cabbages were counterfeit fungicides. The percentage of counterfeit fungicides in cauliflowers and cabbages are 42% and 32%, respectively. The percentage of counterfeit insecticide and fungicides in vegetable field totally are 30%. The triple water rinsing method was confirmed to be effective technology for cleaning the empty pesticide container. The washing technology of empty pesticide container was developed by triple water rinsing. For an empty pesticide container of 1000 mL, the results showed that Fenvalerate residues are 63 mg/L at the first rinse, then 1.98 mg/L at the second rinse, and 0.72 mg/L at the third rinse. Presume the pesticide residue in the first rinse showed 100%, then only 1.14% residue remains after triple water rinsing. The results showed 98.86% of pesticide residues could be removed by triple water rinsing. It seems be to a good tool for removing the pesticide residue.

並列關鍵字

insecticide ； counterfeit pesticides ； empty pesticide container ； fungicide ； herbicides

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