溶膠-凝膠法改質植物纖維/聚乳酸複合材料之製備及其特性分析

Preparation and Characterization of Sol-Gel-Modified Plant Fiber/Polylactic acid Composites

黃仁宏(Ren-Hong Huang)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究將農業廢棄物-鳳梨葉，經由曝曬、乾燥、粉碎、過篩等步驟，回收取得鳳梨葉纖維，並運用新穎的合成方法，製備一系列之溶膠-凝膠法改質鳳梨葉纖維/聚乳酸複合材料。透過溶膠-凝膠法先在纖維表面包覆一層二氧化矽，藉以提升纖維之剛性與耐熱性，再透過矽烷偶合劑處理，提升纖維與聚乳酸間的界面相容性，最後以熔融混煉的方式製備出一系列高性能之溶膠-凝膠法改質鳳梨葉纖維/聚乳酸複合材料。結果顯示，經改質後的鳳梨葉纖維可以提升聚乳酸與鳳梨葉纖維之間的界面相容性，有效改善複合材料之機械性質與熱性質。由熱變形溫度分析，可以得知其熱穩定性獲得改善，纖維添加10%時之變形溫度最高可提升43.9%；機械性質測試在纖維添加5%有較佳的性質，抗張強度最高可以提升10.71%，耐衝擊強度最高可以提升28.20%。從SEM分析可以觀察到纖維與基材間無纖維抽出或孔洞等現象。由以上結果顯示，添加溶膠-凝膠法改質後的鳳梨葉纖維不僅能提升聚乳酸之熱性質與機械性質，並且可以降低塑料成本，減少農業廢棄物，及合乎綠色環保之需求。

關鍵字

聚乳酸 ； 溶膠-凝膠法 ； 鳳梨葉纖維 ； 複合材料

並列摘要

In this study, the fibers generated from agricultural waste - pineapple leaf were obtained through exposure, drying, crushing and sifting. Moreover, a novel synthesis was utilized to prepare a series of sol - gel method modified pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) / polylactic acid (PLA) composite. First, the surface of the fiber was covered with a layer of SiO2 via sol - gel method to enhance the rigidity and heat resistance of the fiber. Furthermore, the interfacial compatibility between fiber and PLA was improved by the surface treatment of a silane coupling agent. Finally, a series of high-performance and sol - gel method modified PALF / PLA composites were prepared by melt-blending. The results reveal that the modification of PALF can improve the interface compatibility between the PLA acid and PALF, so the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite material were improved effectively. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) test showed an increase of approximately 43.9% for PLA by adding 10% of fiber. In addition, the tensile and impact strengths of pristine PLA were increased about 10.71% and 28.20%, respectively, when the composite material reinforced with 5% of fibers. SEM analysis showed that the compatibility between the untreated fiber and PLA matrix is poor, as evidenced by the presence of pull-out fiber and voids on the fracture surface. On the other hand, the compatibility between fiber and PLA matrix is improved when the fiber is treated by silane coupling agents. Apart from the enhancement of mechanical properties and thermal stability, the incorporation of sol - gel modified PALF can reduce the production cost of the materials, reduce the agricultural waste, and meet the demand of environmental protection.

並列關鍵字

polylactic acid ； sol - gel method ； pineapple leaf fiber ； composite

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