生鮮超市用電設備調查與耗能解析

Investigation of electrical equipment and energy analysis of Fresh Supermarkets

楊仁豪(Jen-Hao YANG)

指導教授 ： 郭柏巖

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩士班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

我國能源自產率極低，根據經濟部能源局統計顯示自產率已降低到1%以下，但國內用電量卻年年高昇，尤其以商業類建築成長幅度最快，年成長率達到11.7%以上，因此有必要進行合理的控管。德國早於2006年1月起便開始透過「建築能源效率指標（EPBD）」評量建築能源使用效率，讓高耗能的建築物逐漸從市場上淘汰。
根據「超級市場節能技術手冊（2002）」調查統計得知生鮮超市每年用電量高達114萬度、每月平均用電9.5萬度，由此可知生鮮超市也是歸類在高耗能之建築類型，但「超級市場節能技術手冊（2002）」研究年代較為久遠，但生鮮超市與超級市場販賣主力項目不同，生鮮超市需要大量的冷凍冷藏設備保持食材新鮮，且現階段設備用電效率更好、生鮮超市因競爭下不斷轉變營業型態等因素需重新調查，對於未來推動「能源證書制度」極具參考價值。
本研究之生鮮超市面積約在1,401至1,800[m2]之間，全年平均來客數約為35萬人次，平均全年耗電量平均為959,165[kWh/yr]，平均單位面積耗電量（EUI）為604[kWh /(m2.yr)] 。賣場內設備新舊亦使得用電量產生極大的差異，如近年設立的DCN分店全年用電量僅為CK分店的74%，兩家分店的總面積相當，全年用電量相當卻有26%的差距，並透過分析生鮮超市的空間、耗電量、建築構造形式與平面配置型態，進行五家實際案例設備量調查所得的結論為依據，建立標準生鮮超市模型。本文所建立之標準生鮮超市模型設備容量組成分別為冷凍冷藏設備40.0%、空調設備32.1%、照明設備10.4%、其他設備17.4%，總設備容量為145,833[W] ；以空間設備容量探討，賣場空間42.0%，而機房是冷凍冷藏設備製冷能力的來源，因此機房設備容量亦高達37.5%、再來依序是食品處理區、辦公區域、其他區域。

關鍵字

生鮮超市 ； 建築能源效率指標 ； 節約能源 ； 單位面積耗電量

並列摘要

Taiwan has a low energy production rate. According to the statistics of Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, the energy production rate of Taiwan is lower than 1%; however, Taiwan''s power consumption increases year after year, especially in commercial buildings. The power consumption has grown to an annual growth rate of over 11.7%. Therefore, it is necessary to take reasonable control. Germany began to evaluate the energy utilization efficiency of buildings according to the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) as early as in January 2006, in order to emirate the high power-wasting buildings from the market gradually.
According to the statistics in the Technical Manual of Supermarket Energy-saving (2002), the annual power consumption of a fresh food supermarket is as high as 1,140,000 kWh, and the monthly average power consumption is 95,000 kWh. The fresh food supermarket is thus classified as a high energy consuming building. However, the Technical Manual of Supermarket Energy-saving (2002) is outdated, and the main items sold in fresh food supermarkets and supermarkets are different. The fresh food supermarket uses many refrigerating equipments to keep food fresh, and the present power efficiency of equipments is better. The fresh food supermarket needs to evolve constantly in competition, and investigate the competitive factors, thus providing references to the promotion of "Energy Certificate System" in the future.
The area of the fresh food supermarket used in this study is 1,401 to 1,800[m2], the annual average customer volume is about 350,000 person-times, the average annual power consumption is 959,165 [kWh/yr], and the average energy use intensity (EUI) is 604 [kWh/(m2.yr)]. In addition, the new and old equipments in the supermarket have different power consumptions. For example, the annual power consumption of recently founded DCN branch is only 74% of CK branch. The two branches have equivalent total area, but there is a difference of 26% in annual power consumption. By analyzing the space, power consumption, building construction form and planar configuration type of fresh food supermarket, based on the conclusion of investigation on the equipments of five real cases, the standard fresh food supermarket model is built. The equipment capacity of the standard fresh food supermarket model built in this paper consists of refrigerating equipment (40.0%), air-conditioning equipment (32.1%), lighting equipment (10.4%), and other equipments (17.4%). The total equipment capacity is 145,833[W]. The space equipment capacity is discussed. The shopping space is 42.0%, and the machine room is the source of refrigeration capacity of refrigerating equipments. Therefore, the machine room equipment capacity is as high as 37.5%, followed by food processing area, office area and other areas.

並列關鍵字

fresh food supermarket ； energy saving ； building energy efficiency indicator ； EUI

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