引灌及施灌畜牧廢水對農田土壤品質之影響

The Influence of Vicinal Agricultural Soil Quality via Intensive Irrigation and Drainage Areas and Irrigated with Wastewater from Animal Husbandry

黃綉雅(SHIOU-YA HUANG)

指導教授 ： 張簡水紋

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

屏東、雲林地區畜牧業發達，以處理後之畜牧廢水灌溉農田已漸為常態，因動物飼料含銅、鋅成分，長期灌溉土壤可能造成潛在污染，於是本試驗針對屏東(引灌)及雲林(施灌)畜牧場密集灌排區域附近農田及溝渠，分別採集土壤、底泥及水體，分析經畜牧廢水灌溉後各項土壤基本性質，並比較兩種不同灌溉方式對土壤性質差異，探討畜牧廢水對農田土壤品質影響。
分析結果顯示，雲林灌區因畜牧廢水具固定比例放流量以達肥力平衡，經豐、枯水期之土壤品質不易受影響，加上作物施行短期作需翻耕土壤增加孔隙度，以利污染物被稀釋帶至下層土壤，其ECs、銅、鋅、CEC濃度較屏東灌區低且變異性小，TOC屬適量範圍，需特別注意地下水氨氮問題。屏東灌區因畜牧廢水無排放量及灌溉面積管制，以果樹作物居多且旱田毋需翻耕，相對污染物易累積於土表，受豐、枯水期水分稀釋影響大。屏東灌區所灌溉水樣銅、鋅遠低於灌溉水標準，其部分土壤卻高於監測值，因此將屏東水樣與土壤銅、鋅進行對照，發現銅、鋅隨時間、重力沉積於底泥，推斷為畜牧廢水經長期排放或施用化肥兩者所含銅、鋅吸附並累積於底泥中。
就引灌及施灌畜牧廢水而言，雲林灌區因廢水具固定放流量，經豐、枯水期土壤品質不易受影響，加上作物施行短期作需翻耕土壤增加孔隙度，污染物被稀釋帶至下層土壤，較符合土壤品質標準及適合作物生長環境。

關鍵字

引灌 ； 施灌 ； 畜牧廢水 ； 銅 ； 鋅

並列摘要

In Pingtung and Yunlin, animal husbandry is developed and intensive, and irrigated farmland by livestock wastewater is gradually becoming the normality. Due to ingredient of animal feed containing copper and zinc, long-term irrigation may cause potential pollution to the soil, so this study for soil and irrigation ditches of the fields near the intensive irrigation and drainage areas of Pingtung (intensive irrigation and drainage areas)and Yunlin (irrigation), sampled the soil, sediment and irrigation water individually, and the basic characteristics of the soil were analyzed after irrigation, compared with the two different irrigation methods to the differences of soil properties, discussion on the effect of livestock wastewater to the soil quality.
The results showed that the concentrations and variability of ECs, copper, zinc and CEC of Yunlin area were lower than Pingtung, which the TOC was in the appropriate range, due to Yunlin area have the fixed irrigation of livestock wastewater, the soil quality is not affected by the rainy and dry season easily, and the crop have short tillage is required to turn over to increase soil porosity in order to pollutants are diluting to the bottom soil. It’s worth mentioning the problem of ammonia nitrogen in the groundwater of Yunlin. Due to animal husbandry waste water of Pingtung area have no limits for irrigation requirement and area of land, most of the fruit trees in Pingtung and which dry farmland without plowed soils result in the pollutants relatively accumulated in the soil surface easily and the water dilution of the rainy and dry season had a great effect on soil quality. In the Pingtung area, copper and zinc of irrigation water were much lower than the irrigation water standard but which some of the soil was higher than the monitoring value, compared with water and soil samples contain the copper and zinc of the Pingtung area, found that copper and zinc deposit in the sediment along with the time and gravity, inferred for the long-term irrigation of livestock wastewater or application of chemical fertilizers contained both copper and zinc adsorbed and accumulated in the sediment.
For intensive irrigation and drainage areas and irrigation from animal husbandry wastewater, Yunlin area have the fixed irrigation of livestock wastewater and the soil quality is not affected by the rainy and dry season easily, and the crop have short tillage is required to turn over to increase soil porosity result in pollutants are diluting to the bottom soil, which conforms to the soil quality standard and suitable environment for crop growth.

並列關鍵字

Irrigation ； Irrigation ； Wastewater of livestock farm ； Copper ； Zinc

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