應用Rubric於程式設計學習評量與教學策略之改進

Applying a Rubric to Learning Assessment and Teaching Strategy Improvement in Programming Course

張德明(De-Ming Zhang)

指導教授 ： 施再繁

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

程式設計是資訊領域中一門很重要的課程。在教學過程中，我們觀察到學生此門課的學習成效普遍不佳，大約只有一部分學生可以順利一次通過測驗,剩下的學生則常需要反覆進行多次輔導才可以通過，甚至還有小部分仍無法順利通過測驗必須重修課程。透過檢查、分析學生的解答並訪談學生，我們觀察到學生常遇到的學習困難為沒有熟記語法、程式邏輯概念不佳或不瞭解題意無法解題，因為背景知識不足，對於複雜或數學類的題目感到困擾，此外，常因無法了解程式執行時，所發生之各種錯誤的意義與成因，以致無法修改程式錯誤。綜合這些原因，我們試圖尋求可以檢測學生分析題目要求、設計演算法和撰寫程式碼所具備之能力的方法，藉以評估學生學習成效並發現學習上所遭遇的問題加以改善。
Rubric為近來常被用來評估學習成效的熱門方法，不只可讓老師評估學生能力，還可以讓學生知道應該達到哪些能力。在本論文中，我們嚐試應用rubric來評估學生程式設計之學習成效並研擬改善策略。首先，我們藉由分析歷年學生的考題，歸納學生學習過程所遭遇的各種困難，然後，設計rubric評量標準以評量學生的學習成效，再以所設計之rubric評量標準來建立考題進行測驗，接著，以rubric的評量標準來分析測驗結果，最後，利用rubric評量的分析結果來發掘學生的問題，設計並進行合適的輔導，以提高學生之學習成效，同時提供訊息供開發適合程度較弱之學生使用的教材。

關鍵字

評量指標 ； 教學評量 ； 程式設計 ； 成果導向的教育 ； 學習策略

並列摘要

Programming is a very important course in the field of computer science information technology. Through years of teaching experience in programming, we observed that student learning outcomes of this course are generally poor. About half of the students can successfully pass the course while the remaining students often need to repeatedly tutor; meanwhile, there is still have a small part that cannot successfully pass the course and must retake the course. By checking, analyzing students’ codes and interviewing them, we found that they have many difficulties in learning programming. First, students do not correctly memorize the syntax and semantic of programming language or having poor programming logic. Second, sometimes students do not understand the problem completely so they can not solve complex or mathematical related problems. Finally, when compiling program, students do not understand the error messages, which reasons cause these errors or how to fix them. Considering all of these above reasons, we feel that it is critical to find a way to evaluate student learning outcomes that can clearly describes students’ abilities to analyze problem requirements, design algorithms, and write codes.
Recently, rubric is the most appropriate tool to evaluate student learning outcomes. It not only allows teachers to assess students’ abilities but also let students know what they need to achieve in the course. In this paper, based on the difficulties which students encountered in the learning process over years, we designed a rubric to evaluate student learning outcomes. We created tests based on rubric, then used rubric to analyze students’ learning problems and provided training for them to improve their learning outcomes. The process also provides some informations to develop appropriate materials for weak students.

並列關鍵字

Rubric ； Assessment ； Programming ； Outcome-based education ； Learning strategies

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