- 學位論文
表面改質聚烯類高分子/樹薯澱粉 生物分解性塑膠之研究
The Investigation of Surface Modified Polyolefin/ Tapioca Starch Polymer by biobegradable plastics
摘要
摘要 本研究中探討聚烯類高分子/樹薯澱粉生分解性塑膠。由於極性差異的問題，澱粉與低密度聚乙烯之間之界面黏著性非常差。數種單體在這實驗中被使用，如: 丙烯醯胺(AAm)、丙烯酸(AAc)、馬林酸酐(MA)，經適當的電漿處理條件以及熱接枝以改質高分子表面。藉由1,1-diphenyl-2-picrvlhydrazyl (DPPH)法計算出，經由電漿處理後過氧化物之生成濃度，並可找出電漿最佳處理條件。以ATR-FTIR光譜和ESCA分析來計算接枝聚合之接枝量，其最大接枝量分別為0.55和2.41。並且可得到最佳接枝時間為4小時。這高分子表面改質的方法適用於多種單體。嘗試配方及加工方式，然後添加MA、LDPE接枝MA之聚合物(MA-g-PLDPE)、LDPE接枝AAc之聚合物(AAc-g-PLDPE)為相容劑，目的是為了當澱粉與LDPE混煉時，可改善其界面黏著性。藉著融熔指數、機械性質和SEM脆斷面觀測來分析其混煉物之相容性。在A系列混煉物(LDPE/MA-g-PLDPE/TS/GA/MA, 在 section 3) SEM觀測中發現，PE顆粒的大小隨著MA-g-PLDPE相容劑的添加而下降。MA的添加可使PE相均勻分散，而在分解時提昇其分解率。在澱粉高含量的生分解塑膠混煉系統中其伸長率低，但分解率非常高。然而，在這研究中所使用的分解測試方法是土壤掩埋法。測試試片壓製成3×3×0.06 cm3 大小掩埋於從大同大學校園內取回之土壤一或二週。在土壤掩埋完成後，將取出之試片置於真空烘箱5小時後稱重，計算其失重比例。經土壤掩埋法之LDPE/starch系列，其最高損失率大約為95 wt%，而PVA/starch系列經過一個星期的土壤掩埋重量損失測試，其最高損失率大約為 80 wt%。
並列摘要
ABSTRACT In this study, the biodegradable plastics of polyolefin/tapioca starch were studied. There is a poor interface adhesion between starch and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) because of the difference from polar character. The monomers including acrylic acid, acrylic amide and (MA) were used to graft onto the surface of PE in this study. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrvlhydrazyl (DPPH) method was adopted to estimate the concentration of peroxide and consequently the appropriate plasma treatment condition was determined by its optimal concentration. Then, the appropriate plasma treatment condition and thermal grafting were used to modify the surface of polymer. ATR-FTIR spectra and ESCA analysis were used to evaluate the degree of grafting copolymerization. The maximum of graft degree are 0.55 and 2.41 by ATR-FTIR spectra and ESCA analysis, individually. The graft degree shows they have similar trend by ATR-FTIR and ESCA analysis and the optimal graft time is 4h. The method of surface modification of polymer is suitable for many monomers. In blending, the different compositions and processing conditions were used. The MA grafted LDPE and the AAc grafted LDPE were used to improve the interface adhesion between starch and LDPE. According to melt flow index, mechanical properties and SEM fracture micrographs analysis, the compatibility between LDPE and starch was investigated. By observing the morphology of A series blends (LDPE/MA-g-PLDPE/TS/GA/MA, in section 3), they could be seen that the size of the PE particles decreased with an increasing amount of MA-g-PLDPE. The well-dispersion that was contributed from MA caused the structure crack rapidly, which enhanced the biodegradation rate. The blends of high content starch present low elongation but excellent biodegradation. The biodegradation measurement method in this study was soil burial. The investigated samples in form of plates (3×3×0.06 cm3) were buried in the test soil from Tatung University campus for one or two weeks. After soil burial, the samples were dried by a vacuum oven for 5h and then weighted. There were two blends series, LDPE/starch and PVA/starch, in this work. After two weeks soil burial, LDPE/starch blends reached the maximum weight loss of about 95 wt%. And after one week soil burial, the maximum weight loss of PVA/starch blends was about 80 wt%.