耐高電壓PTC奈米高分子複合材料之製備與研究

The Manufacture and Investigation of HDPE/Carbon Black Nano Composites for High Voltage Resistance Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC)

曹耕毓(Keng-Yu Tsao)

指導教授 ： 黃繼遠

大同大學/工程學院/材料工程學系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究將碳黑添加至高密度聚乙烯基材，以製備成高分子基正溫度係數(PPTC)元件。並探討碳黑含量、聚乙烯之電漿處理、交聯劑濃度、60Coγ-ray輻射劑量對複合材料元件之正溫度係數（Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC）強度的影響。使用聚烯類高分子為基材與添加奈米尺寸之導電性碳黑和電弧抑制劑(如無機阻燃物)，接下來再進行各種電性性質、物理性質和機械性質的測試。聚烯類高分子材料先經電漿前處理再與不同比例之導電性碳黑含量和同比例之無機阻燃物摻合及不同比例之交聯劑(DCP)，再輔以不同γ-ray照射劑量進行照射。因無機阻燃物(氫氧化鋁與氫氧化鎂)本身具有阻燃方面的性質，而添加交聯劑與γ-ray照射有助於增加元件之PTC的強度，這些方法分別能提升了PPTC元件之耐高電壓特性。由實驗結果發現，當PHDPE/Al(OH)3/CB (33.7wt%)組成經不同電漿處理瓦數與時間，發現在低電漿處理瓦數與添加DCP (2.0phr)下，即可得到明顯的耐電壓特性及γ-ray照射劑量到達40Mrad後，使其複合材料之PTC強度即可達到6~7 order；另外，也發現γ-ray照射劑量達40Mrad以上會使其複合材料產生二次PTC現象；針對PHDPE/CB/MH複合材料而言，發現到該複合材料需要添加DCP (2.0phr)與高劑量的γ-ray照射才能具有良好之耐電壓特性；而經過160℃熱處理並循環測試10次，發現有良好之回覆性，使PTC元件具高可靠度性；另一方面也研究了HDPE/arc-controlling agent/CB複合材料的脆斷面型態以及熱機械性質。研究中發現，該複合材料的應答溫度之PTC效應與熱膨脹係數之間非常接近，而添加DCP化學交聯與使用60Co γ-ray輻射交聯都是提升PTC效應的有效方法，且利用熱機械分析觀察也得到相同的結果。而這些複合材料已順利通過耐高壓測試及具有良好PTC強度，且達到PTC元件低阻抗、耐高電壓之特性。

關鍵字

碳黑 ； 高密度聚乙烯 ； 正溫度係數 ； 電漿 ； 無機阻燃劑 ； 交聯 ； 耐高電壓 ； 複合材料

並列摘要

In this study, the carbon black was added into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to produce polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) component. The effect of carbon black content, plasma treatment of PE, cross-linking agent concentration and γ-ray irradiation doses on the PTC intensity of component were investigated. Used the polyolefin polymer material for the matrix and added the conductive nano-carbon black content, arc-controlling agent (such as inorganic flame retardant). And then, continue various kind properties of composites; such as electricity, physical, mechanical properties were tested. The HDPE was pretreated by plasma and then blended with different content of carbon black, equal ratio of the arc-controlling agent (Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3 and Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2) and equal ratio of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). After compound, the composites were irradiated by different doses of 60Co γ-ray. Arc-controlling agent possessed the flame retardant ability. On the other hand, adding of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and irradiating by 60Co γ-ray were increased the PTC intensity of composites. Therefore, these methods could be used to produce PPTC component with over voltage withstanding property. In the research, as HDPE was treated by low power plasma and 2.0phr of DCP was added, the PHDPE/ATH/CB (33.7wt%) composites possessed good over voltage withstanding characteristic and possessed 6~7 order of PTC after γ-ray irradiated (40Mrad). The double PTC phenomenon of composites was observed as the irradiation dose was above 40Mrad. For PHDPE/CB/MH composites, the composites also possessed good over voltage withstanding characteristic with adding 2.0phr of DCP and high doses γ-ray irradiation. These two system composites possessed good reproducibility basically from the 10 times cycles. On the other hand, from the fracture SEM morphology observations and the thermal mechanical properties of HDPE/arc-controlling agent/CB composite were also studied. It was found that the response temperature of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) was very matched with the PTC responsive temperature. The composites that possessed good over voltage withstanding and good PTC behavior and low-impedance.

並列關鍵字

CB ； composites ； cross-linking ； HDPE ； High Voltage Resistance ； inorganic flame retardant ； Plasma ； PTC

參考文獻

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