研發實務與競爭優勢之間的關係

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN R&D PRACTICES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

黃清峰(Ching-feng Huang)

指導教授 ： 葉焜煌

大同大學/經營設計學院/事業經營學系所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

產品開發是一項跨越多重領域的活動，需要全公司所有功能部門的配合，一般組織內部，認為產品開發的特徵是除了需要高階管理者的鼎力支持外，還要再加上研究與開發的方法上所推行的各項做法與電腦及資訊科技的使用，是產品開發實務的整體基本架構。本研究主要以設計為主軸，將研究焦點放在整體產品開發的內部構面，包括：高階管理者的支持、R&D的方法上所推行的各項做法與藉由電腦的使用情形，來協助產品開發作業能夠順利的推行，進而對於公司整體競爭優勢（產品創新、品質、彈性、成本、交期）的影響。
本研究以我國一千大製造商中的3C產品製造廠商作為研究對象，以問卷調查的方式，透過實證資料利用SPSS 11.5 for Windows及AMOS 3.6版統計分析軟體以結構方程式模型來進行驗證性因子分析。研究結果顯示：在高階管理者的支持、R&D的方法與電腦的使用，對於公司整體的競爭優勢的關係，有二條顯著影響的路徑：(1)高階管理者的支持會有直接顯著的正向影響R&D的方法，進而再對競爭優勢有直接顯著的正向影響(2)高階管理者的支持會有直接顯著的正向影響電腦的使用，進而再對競爭優勢有顯著直接的正向影響。此外，在高階管理者的支持方面有二項顯著性指標依序包括：(1)產品開發高階主管對單位內部之決策有足夠的影響力(2)產品開發高階主管對產品設計決策有最終的裁量權。在R&D的方法方面有四項顯著性指標依序包括：(1)模組化(2)DFM/DFA(3)同步工程(4)客製化。在電腦的使用方面有四項指標依序包括：(1)利用電腦來協助製程進行設計變更(2)使用電腦來開發產品原型(3)使用電腦來協調產品開發活動(4)使用電腦來改善設計。在競爭優勢方面有五項指標依序包括：(1)彈性(2)品質(3)交期(4)成本(5)產品創新。

關鍵字

電腦的使用 ； 高階管理者的支持 ； 競爭優勢 ； 研發實務

並列摘要

Product development is a cross-function activity needing cooperation from all the other departments. Most organizations believe that the characteristics of product development include not only top management support but also R&D practices and the usage of both computer and IT. These constitute the framework of product development practices. In summary, the focus of this research is design. We put emphasis on the inner dimensions of whole product development, including top management support, practices of R&D method, and computer usage. As a result, this can facilitate product development and realize the effects on the whole company competitive advantages (such as innovation, quality, flexibility, cost, and time).
The subjects of this research are the 3C manufacturers in top 1,000 in our country. After data collected by questionnaires, we used SPSS 11.5 for Windows and AMOS 3.6 to conduct confirmatory factor analysis. The result shows that there are two significant paths among top management support, R&D practices, computer usage, and company competitive advantages. One is top management support will have positive influence on competitive advantages through R&D practices. The other one is top management support will have positive influence on competitive advantages through computer usage. In addition, there are two significant indicators of top management support: (1) product development managers have enough influence to make things happen; (2) product development managers have a final say in product design decisions. Four significant indicators of R&D practices are as follows: modular design, DFM/DFA, concurrent engineering, and customization. There are four indicators of computer usage—using computer to facilitate process for design change, using computer to develop product model, using computer to coordinate product development activities, and using computer to improve design. The five indicators of competitive advantages are flexibility, quality, time, cost, and innovation.

並列關鍵字

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ； COMPUTER USAGE ； R&D PRACTICES ； TOP MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

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