應用系統模擬於流程型生產工廠派工法則之探討

A Dispatching Rule Simulation Model for Flow Shop Production

謝丞杰(Cheng-Chieh Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 楊承亮

大同大學/經營設計學院/資訊經營學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

隨著時代的變遷，以因應變遷快速的環境，系統模擬在全球競爭策略下，成為不可或缺的管理工具。製造業最常面臨的問題是生產活動進行時經常受限於系統本身可以使用的有限資源。在不增加資源條件下，最常使用系統模擬去規劃出一套生產排程模式，以改善整體流程缺失，解決製造業所面臨的困難。 雖然過去十年來在流程型工廠派工法則問題的研究上，已有許多傑出的成果。但探討的工廠排程問題多半以假設性資料模擬公司生產流程作業，並未採用實際資料進行模擬。當套用在實際公司生產流程時，所得模擬結果有待驗証，降低系統模擬的可行性。 本研究藉由Arena軟體去發展一套生產派工法則模式，並且加強整體生產流程相關因素考量，例如備料時間、機器調整時間及拆單生產 等，以便更能符合實際生產狀況，同時將模式運用至實務性生產工廠。其結論如下： 1. 本研究藉由文獻探討，彙整出所需派工法則與績效評估準則，並考量減少機台(資源)配置以提升資源使用效率情形。將個案公司生產資料利用Arena軟體建構出生產作業流程模擬模式。模擬結果顯示，減少機台數雖會提昇資源使用效率，但相對的也會增加延遲交貨之風險。提昇資源使用效率所節省之成本是否大於延遲交貨所增加之成本，則會影響機台最適配置數之考量。 2. 在績效評估結果中，建議個案公司改善現行派工方式，採用最短處理時間法則(SPT)取代現行之先到先出法則(FIFO)成為該公司生產模式，以達整體生產最佳化。 3. 藉由檢查系統模式是否錯誤時，我們發現Arena模擬軟體的Seize模組在本模式中出現黑箱的情況，因此在模組使用上會產生看不見的隱形錯誤。本研究特別指出此一情形並加以說明。

關鍵字

排程，派工法則，系統模擬，Arena，流程型工廠

並列摘要

With the changes of time and the strategy of global competitiveness, system simulation becomes an indispensable management tool for tackling the fast-changing environment. The most frequent problem which the manufacturing industry is faced with is its limited resources in the producing process. In the condition of no increase in resources, system simulation is often used to plan a set of production scheduling model to improve any flaws in the process and to solve the difficulties the manufacturing industry is faced with.
In the past ten years, there have been outstanding accomplishments in the research of the dispatching rules in flow shops, but the exploration of shop scheduling problems mostly focused on the hypothetical simulation data of the producing operation process in companies, not real simulation data. Thus, when hypothetical data applied to the producing process in real companies, the simulation results needed to be inspected and verified. This would greatly decrease the feasibility of system simulation.
This study uses the Arena software to develop a model of production dispatching rule and strengths related factors in the producing process such as time for preparing materials, time for adjusting machines and the shredding production to fit the real producing situations and to apply the model to the real producing shop. The conclusions are summarized as follows:
1. This study collects and arranges all the necessary dispatching rules and performance evaluation rules by literature review and considers the decrease in machine (resource) allocations to elevate the efficiency of resource usages. This study also uses the produced data from the case company to construct the simulation model of producing operation process by the Arena software. The simulation result shows that the decrease in the amounts of machines would certainly elevate the efficiency of resource usages; however, it also increases the risk of tardy delivery. Whether the increased cost caused by elevating the efficiency of resource usages is higher than that caused by tardy delivery would influence the consideration of the most appropriate amounts of machine allocations.
2. In the result of performance evaluations, it is suggested that the case company changed their current dispatching methods. It means to replace the current rule of First In First Out (FIFO) with the rule of Shortest Processing Time (SPT) to optimize the production.
3. By checking the accuracy of the system model, we find that the Seize module in the Arena simulation software appears a “black box” in this model. Thus, there are hidden mistakes when using this model. This situation would be particularly addressed and explained in this study.

並列關鍵字

Dispatching Rule，System Simulation，Arena，Flow

參考文獻

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