探討不同種類比例澱粉求改善混煉塑膠的機械強度

Investigation of different starch on Improving the Mechanical Strength of and Starch- Compounded plastic

林佳慧(Ja-Hui Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳志成

大同大學/工程學院/生物工程學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究主要是分作三部份實驗，第一部分實驗是探討玉米澱粉、小麥澱粉及樹薯澱粉以等比例混合方式與共聚酯進行擠壓混煉加工，並探討不同種類澱粉混煉對生物分解性塑膠的機械性質之影響。實驗結果顯示，在抗張強度方面，玉米澱粉與樹薯澱粉混合配方組，其值可達12.06±0.86MPa。在楊氏模數方面，玉米澱粉與樹薯澱粉混合配方組表現較佳，其值可達180.7±5.42MPa。所以，本實驗選擇以玉米與樹薯澱粉組合配方，為最適合與共聚酯製作生物分解性塑膠之澱粉組合配方。
第二部分實驗是探討玉米澱粉與樹薯澱粉以(2：1)、(3：1)、(1：2)、(1：3)比例與共聚酯進行擠壓混煉加工，並探討不同比例混煉對生物分解性塑膠的機械性質之影響。實驗結果顯示，玉米與樹薯澱粉以2：1比例混煉時，具最佳之抗張強度，其值可達10.58±0.32MPa；在楊氏模數方面，其值可達170.7±7.87MPa。所以，本實驗選擇以玉米與樹薯澱粉以2：1比例混煉時，為最適合與共聚酯製作生物分解性塑膠之澱粉組合配方。
第三部分實驗是採用玉米與樹薯澱粉以2：1比例方式添加下不同比例的塑化劑（甘油與水的比例）和添加物（silica與Calcium carbonate）與共聚酯進行擠壓混煉加工，以23之三因子實驗設計法來探討各種添加物含量對生物分解性塑膠的機械性質之影響。實驗結果顯示，以變異數分析(ANOVA)發現多數配方之間有很明顯的交互效應，必須進一步探討其原因。此部分實驗配方中，可以達到不錯的抗張強度(13.13±0.10Mpa)與楊氏模數(291±18.6 Mpa)；而實驗配方中，可以達到不錯的伸長率(71.87±26.81%)與韌性(4.66±1.88Mpa)。

關鍵字

分解性塑膠，擠壓技術，澱粉，混煉

並列摘要

Abstract
This research is divided into three major parts. The first part studies the extrusion ,mixing and processing of the samples compounded co-polyester，additive and of the corn wheat or and the tapioca starch, in which the amounts of which are in equal proportion. The impact of the compounds on the mechanic property of the biodegradable plastic is also investigated. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of the samples compounded of the corn and tapioca starch possess a value in the range of 12.06±0.86MPa.Furthermore,the samples compounded of the corn starch and tapioca starch also have better properties, and have a Young’s modulus in the range of 180.7±5.42Mpa.It is then reasonable that the aforementioned compounded samples are selected to be used in the following experiment.The second parts of the experiment studies the different rotio of the corn starch to the tapioca starch ,which are (2:1),(3:1),(1:2) ,and(1:3). The experimental results show that the tensile strength reaches its best,whose value lies between the range of 170.7±7.87MPa ,as the ratio of the corn starch to the tapioca starch is 2:1 .It is sensible that the compounds with the aforesaid ratio are selected in the following experiment.
For the last part of the experiment ,plasticizer (glycerol/water ratio)and additive （silica and Calcium carbonate） are added to the compounds of the corn starch /tapioca starch（2：1 ratio） .The resultant samples are used with the co polyester in the extrusion processing .that need further study ，The experimental results by show that most the formulae don’t cause strong interaction effect .The analysis of varible (ANOVA) However ,some formula gives a reasonable good tensile strength (13.13±0.10MPa) and a Young’s modulus (291±18.6MPa).some formula gives a reasonable good elongation(71.87±26.81%) and a good toughness(4.66±1.88MPa).Conclusion can be drawn from the results .

並列關鍵字

Tensile strength，Elongation，Young’s modulus，

參考文獻

溫育德，2005，生物可分解聚酯與澱粉於混煉製備與加工性能之研究。碩士論文。大同大學生物工程研究所。

Lawton, B. T., Henderson, G. A. and Derlatke, E. J. 1972. The effect of extruder variables on gelatinization of corn starch. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 50(4):168~172.

Westhoff, R. P., Kwolek, W. F. and Otey, F. H. 1979. Starch-polyvinyl alcohol films-effect of various plasticizers. Starch/ starke 31: 163-165

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