手機之複合式按鍵於拍照模式下之操作意象

The Usage Image of the Navigation keys on Mobile Phone under the Photo-taking Mode

林煜桓(Yu-Huan Lin)

指導教授 ： 曹永慶

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究以手機之複合式按鍵為例，透過實際的意象調查與分析，探討複合式按鍵執行照相相關功能之操作意象結構，及複合式按鍵之操作意象與形態間之關係。研究分三階段進行：第一階段為選定市售手機之照相模式，並且檢驗使用者在實際執行照相相關功能時，是否符合市售之照相模式之設定。第二階段進行複合式按鍵執行「變焦放大縮小」、「拍照」、「整體照相過程」之操作意象，及「好用」評價與操作意象之因果關係，並且探討具「好用」綜合評價之複合式按鍵之設計要素，第三階段進行複合式按鍵之設計與其意象之驗證。具體研究成果歸納如下。
1.複合式按鍵於拍照模式下之操作認知：
1） 具使用照相手機經驗者與無經驗者對於手機之複合式按鍵於拍照模式下之操作認知並無統計上顯著差異。
2） 手機在橫立狀態下，使用者之操作認知與市售手機之照相模式之設定有其差異存在。
2. 複合式按鍵於拍照模式下之操作意象結構：
1) “變焦放大縮小”之操作意象構成要因依參考為「理解性」、「易用性」。
2) “拍照”之操作意象構成要因依參考為「易用性」、「理解性」、「操控性」。
3) “整體拍照過程”之操作意象構成要因依參考為「易用性」、「理解性」。
3. 複合式按鍵在執行「變焦放大縮小」、「拍照」、「整體照相過程」上之形態特徵與意象之對應關係：
1) 複合式按鍵於變焦放大縮小操作意象上，控制鍵的空間較小則予以人「困難的」操作意象；反之，空間較大則予以人「便利的」操作意象。為搖桿的樣本且操作區上下左右沒有符號則予以人「曖昧的」操作意象，為多軸向的樣本且操作區上下左右具有符號則予以人「直覺的」操作意象。
2) 複合式按鍵於拍照操作意象上，搖桿的樣本予以人「豪邁的」操作意象，多軸向的樣本則予以人「直覺的」操作意象。樣本造形特徵較為細緻平順，則予以人「精緻的」操作意象。樣本造形特徵較為立體且拍照鍵於整體操作區特徵明顯，則予以人「便利的」操作意象。反之，樣本造形特徵較為扁平化且拍照鍵於整體操作區顯的較為細小，則予以人「困難的」操作意象。
3) 複合式按鍵於整體操作意象上，搖桿的樣本予以人「曖昧的」操作意象，多軸向的樣本則予以人「直覺的」操作意象。樣本操作區上下左右沒有符號，則予以人「曖昧的」操作意象。樣本造形特徵較為立體，則予以人「便利的」、「直覺的」操作意象。樣本造形特徵較為扁平化且按鍵操作區整體顯的較為細小，則予以人「曖昧的」、「困難的」操作意象。
4. 複合式按鍵之「好用」評價與操作意象之困果關係：
複合式按鍵執行拍照相關功能之“變焦放大縮小”、“拍照”、“整體照相過程”之好用之綜合性態度，主要受「省力的-費力的」、「果斷的-猶豫的」意象影響，即以複合式按鍵拍照時，若具有省力之操作意象，則會讓覺得整體操作上是好用的。
5. 具好用之複合式按鍵之設計要素：
以林氏數量化理論I類分析結果可得知，複合式按鍵執行變焦放大縮小、拍照及整體照相過程上共同設計要素為：造形特徵為“周圍區似矩型，中心區似矩型”，表面具“平面中凹下”或 “一致的變化”，“上下左右有符號”。會讓使用者覺得好用，且有省力及果斷之操作意象。

關鍵字

複合式按鍵、操作意象、照相手機

並列摘要

This research probes into the structure of usage image derived from photo-taking function completed by the multiple-functional keypad of mobile phone through actual image survey and analysis. There are three scales of this research. In the first scale, certain kinds of mobile phones functionalized with photo-taking feature were selected to see whether the actual operation of photo-taking with a mobile phone is analogous to picture-taking with a camera on the market. The purpose of the second scale is to focus on the usage image of zooming, photo-taking and photo-taking operation while working with the multiple-functional keypad. The relationship between the assessment of usability and usage image is also involved in the second scale as well as the well-designed multiple-functional keypad that is associated with customer-defined usability. The proof which indicates the design of multiple-functional keypad corresponding to usage images is revealed in the third scale. Specific research findings are listed in the following section.
1. Usage recognition of photo-taking with multiple-functional keypad:
1) Statistically, users who are experienced and inexperienced show no significant differences in using photo-taking function with multiple-functional keypad.
2) Usage recognition and the function of photo-taking apparently vary when the mobile phone is held horizontally.
2. The structure of usage image derived from multiple-functional keypad under photo-taking mode:
1) Understandability and usability are keys to structure the usage image of zooming.
2) Usability, understandability and manipulability are keys to structure the usage image of photo-taking.
3) Usability and understandability are keys to structure the usage image of photo-taking operation.
3. Characteristics and usage images in terms of zooming, photo-taking and photo-taking operation done by multiple-functional keypad:
1) Usage image of zooming done by multiple-functional keypad: a user derives difficult usage image with a small size of control panel whereas convenient usage image is derived from the big-sized control panel. The control panel with joystick surrounded by arrow symbols presents intuitive usage image whereas the one without surrounding of arrow symbols presents vague usage image.
2) Usage image of photo-taking done by multiple-functional keypad: the control panel equipped with a joystick creates gallant usage image while the one equipped with directional keypad creates intuitive usage image. The keypad with smooth and delicate design displays exquisite usage image while the keypad with explicit design and a distinguished control panel of photo-taking displays convenient usage image. On the other hand, the keypad which is thin and narrow with a miniature control panel displays difficult usage image.
3) Usage image of overall operation done by multiple-functional keypad: samples with joystick delivers vague usage image. Samples with directional keypad delivers intuitive usage image. Operating area without arrow symbols delivers vague usage image. Samples with explicit design create convenient and intuitive usage image. Samples with thin and narrow features and miniature control panel display vague and difficult usage image.
4. The relationship between the assessment of usability and usage image of a multiple-functional keypad:
Two characteristics define the usability of a multiple-functional keypad which executes zooming, photo-taking and photo-taking operation: easiness and straightforwardness. In another words, the usability is considered higher when working with keypad is easy and straightforward.
5. Designs that define a multiple-functional keypad with high usability
Designs that define a multiple-functional keypad with high usability to perform zooming, photo-taking and photo-taking operation are rectangle-like frame and rectangle-like center area by Hayashi’s Quantitative Theory Type I analysis. Users feel that a keypad is easy to work with and have usage images of easiness and straightforwardness when its surface is smooth with a concave center, predictable variation or arrow symbols.

並列關鍵字

usage image ； multiple-functional keypad ； camera phone

參考文獻

8. Timo Jokela, Jussi Koivumaa ,Jani Pirkola,Petri Salminen ,Niina Kantola,2006,Methods for quantitative usability requirements: case study on the development of the user interface of a mobile phone, Pers Ubiquit Comput, 10, 345-355.

13. 何玫玉，2006，手機之多軸向按鍵與搖桿之操作意象研究，大同大學工業設計研究所碩士論文。

1. Lynch. The Design Dimenasion, Oxford Basiil Blackwell Ltd, 1959,pp.87-93

2. Tsao yung Chin, Yamauchi Rikuhei, 1996, The Differences in Form Image among Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans,BULLETIN OF JAPANESE SOCIETY OFR THE SCIENCE OF DESIGN Vol.44, No.1, pp.23-32

3. 曹永慶，增山和夫，山內陸平 The Form of Chair and Adverbial Expression of Its Usage Image,A Research on the Image and Its Expression Style,Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science, Vol.42,No.5, 1995,pp.7-16