正中坐姿引導之研究與設計

The Research and Design for Neutral Directed Sitting Posture

陳冠妤(Kuan-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 梁成一

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

椅子是上班族常使用的工具之一，而現今椅子的設計雖考慮到了材質以及人因工程設計，卻還是無法讓使用者知道自己是否坐的正。當坐姿歪斜時也無自覺，此情況除了會造成腰酸背痛外，長久下來更會導致脊椎上的疾病。因此坐姿應要坐的正，亦即不向左右偏移且背部是緊靠椅子的背靠，讓上背部與下背部（腰部）受到背靠的支撐，使脊椎保持自然的曲線。因此本研究的目的為設計一張能讓使用者得知自己是否坐的正的椅子，以解決上述之問題。
本研究在現狀評估方面，發現受測者皆自認為坐的正，但實際上有90%的人是採用偏移的坐姿，並且受測者間偏移量是有顯著差異的，因此，利用人因工程以及人體計測值，進行脊椎曲線條的製作並將其結合於網狀辦公椅背上，成為了模型座椅。最後進行模型座椅與市售背墊座椅的導正能力以及舒適性評估。
本研究結果顯示，市售背墊座椅導正能力可由無背墊狀況下，測得的100%偏移下降至21.67%；而本研究模型座椅導正能力是完全的降至無偏移產生。舒適性評估方面，為市售背墊座椅舒適性最高，再者第5百分位設計、第50百分位設計，最不舒適為第95百分位設計的模型座椅，這說明了材質影響為最大，再者為脊椎曲條的高度影響，受測者坐姿在利用模型座椅後，其腰部彎曲曲線也由脊椎後凸轉換為脊椎自然往前凸狀態，此坐姿方式可降低脊椎間的壓力。因此建議採用第5百分位設計值，亦即長400mm、寬幅37.8 mm和高度5.9 mm的設計尺寸，本研究結果可做為設計師在設計座椅時之參考，以幫助使用者在利用背靠時，能提供使用者一個正確無偏的姿勢。

關鍵字

人因工程 ； 正中坐姿 ； 辦公座椅

並列摘要

Chairs are one of the most commonly used devices by office workers. Although modern chair designs take materials and ergonomics into consideration, the chair still does not offer functions that give users an idea whether they sit properly or not. Crooked sitting postures not only cause back pain, but in the long term might result in spinal problems. Therefore, a neutral sitting posture is much desired; to be precise, the body should stay in the center of the chair with the back leaning tightly against the back cushion. The upper back and lower back (lumbar) should be supported by a cushion to form a neutral spinal curve. To solve the aforementioned health concerns, the goal of this research is to develop a means that allows users to focus on their neutral sitting postures.

During the evaluation phase, subjects thought they normally kept neutral sitting postures. However, 90% of them adopted tilted sitting positions, and the variations among subjects were rather significant. Therefore, with the help of ergonomics and anthropometrics, a spinal curve bar and reticular back cushion were incorporated and shaped into a chair with a proper posture. Finally, evaluations on the correctness and comfort of three prototype spinal bars and a marketed cushion were conducted.

The results of the research have shown that compared with the original situation (sitting with no cushions), the marketed cushion was able to reduce the deviation from 100% down to 23.33%, the prototypes developed by this research could entirely eliminated crookedness. Regarding comfort, marketed cushion was the winner, then came the P5, the P50 design, the P95 designed prototype scored the least comfortable one. The results showed that material had the greatest impact, and the height of the spinal curve ranked second most influential. It is also observed that while subjects sat on the seat with prototype spinal bar, their back curve lines changed from kyphosis to lordosis. Such a posture reduces stress on spinal cord. Therefore, the findings suggested that the P5, namely 400mm in length, 37.8mm in width and 5.9mm in height should be adopted in designing a spinal bar in order to lead user sit in neutral posture.

並列關鍵字

Ergonomics ； Neutral sitting posture ； Office chair

參考文獻

[2] Anderson, G. B. J., Murphy, R.W., Ortengren, R., & Nachemson, A. L. (1979). The Influence of Backrest Inclination and Lumbar Support on Lumbar Lordosis. Spine, 4 (1), 52-58.

[5] Carison, J. M., Payette, M. J., Vervena, L. P. (1995). Seating Orthosis Design for Prevention of Decubitus Ulcers. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 7, 51-60.

[6] Cassar, D. T., & Gross, C. M. (1995). Evaluation of an Intelligent Seat System. Appl. Ergon., 26, 109-116.

[7] Chabran, E., Maton, B., & Fourment, A. (2002). Effects of Postural Muscle Fatigue on the Relation between Segmental Posture and Movement. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 12, 67-79.

[8] Chaffin, D. B., & Anderson, G. B. J. (1991). Occupational Biomechanics, 2nd Ed. Wiley-Interscience.