新移民子女中文學習與教育玩具設計之研究

新移民相關文獻指出，新移民子女在學科學習成就上，國語是普遍遭遇的學習障礙。且父母對於兒童語言學習的影響從出生至六年內為最關鍵。對於兒童的成長過程而言，遊戲於生活亦是一種學習的途徑。語言的學習脫離不了聽、說、讀、寫四大技能的訓練，因此如何發展出可訓練聽、說、讀、寫技能之多媒體語言學習玩具以供兒童在遊戲的過程中達到學習的目的是本研究欲探討的動機。　　本研究以幼稚園學童為研究對象，實驗可分為三個階段，一是透過問卷調查法了解新移民與一般家庭結構以及對於教育玩具之需求與想法以及透過專家訪談的方式了解注音符號學習歷程的發展。並以問卷調查與訪談結果針對注音符號學習歷程進行教育玩具內容設計。二是讓學童透過遊戲學習的實驗比較前後學習成效。三是針對遊戲內容與產品的部份分別調查學童、家長與教師三族群對於其滿意度，並以專家訪談方式針對整體性設計做最後的建議與評估做為改進。　　在前期問卷調查結果發現，家長期望教育玩具能夠配合課程進度輔助孩童的學習。而訪談結果則顯示，透過視覺與聽覺的刺激讓孩童聯結達到學習的目的是教學的重點。在遊戲學習成效上發現，在注音符號識認、拼音、調號、筆順四個學習內容當中，筆順遊戲的進步幅度最大。在產品主觀性評估上，教師與家長族群對於教育玩具產品設計三案滿意度最高為觸控手寫型教育玩具，而教師族群在觸控手寫型教育玩具的滿意度最高的選項為「產品外觀大小符合兒童需求」(平均4.38分)、「對產品外觀造型感到滿意」(平均4.38分)、「螢幕的尺寸大小符合兒童需求」(平均4.38分)。家長族群對於觸控手寫型教育玩具的滿意度最高的選項為「產品外觀造型感到滿意」(平均4.19分)、「按鈕大小符合兒童需求」(4.19分)。其中，雙人互動型教育玩具是教師與家長族群最不受青睞的產品。最後整體性評估的專家訪談意見上建議在未來可以針對單人與雙人互動可自由選擇使用之產品進行設計。　　在未來研究上，建議針對相關領域之研究可朝兩個面向發展。一是在教育玩具的使用上如何兼具簡單且長期有效的吸引兒童遊戲動機的回饋機制延長兒童學習興趣。二是可朝新移民子女與雙親之一為新移民的面向做更深入的探討，像是親子互動、相關產品操作介面與內容都是值得探究的領域。

關鍵字

新移民；教育玩具；中文學習；識字；學習成效；介面設計

並列摘要

New immigrant family literatures indicate that Chinese has been the universal learning obstacle for the new immigrant children among their school subjects. Parents have the greatest influence on children’s language learning from birth to six year of age. In children's growing stage, learning by playing games could be one kind of learning methods. Moreover, the training of learning languages couldn't get rid of listening、speaking、reading and writing. Thus the motive of the present study is to design educational multimedia toys which can train children’s listening、speaking、reading and writing skills, and provide children with the chance to learn through playing games. The participants of this study were kindergarten students. The experiment can be divided into three parts. The first part consists of three steps: First, using questionnaire to understand new immigrant family, general family structure and the familys’ideas of educational toys. Then, expert interview was conducted to understand the learning progress of phonetic symbols. Finally, the researcher integrated the result of questionnaire survey and expert interview to counter on educational toys design. The second part compares the participants’ previous and latter learning effects after they ran through the intervention. The third part aims at investigating students, teachers, and parents’ satisfication of learning contents and products separately. Final, using the results of expert interview to make further improvement. The result of earlier questionnaire survey indicates that parents expect the educational toys can match up school’s learning schedule and can assist in children’s Chinese learning. The results of expert interview reveals that connecting hearing and sight stimulating with learning objectives is the key of teaching. As to the game learning achievement, the researcher discovered that among the game of phonemic awareness, spelling, tone sandi, and character stroke order, the participants benefit most from the character stroke order game. As to the evaluation of product subjectivity, teachers and parents satisfy with the touch-writing educational toy most; but interactive educational toy is not favorable. Last, from the expert interview it is suggested that the product can focus on developing single and interactive using product of choice freedom. With regard to the suggestion of future research, the future research could aims to two faces. The one is how to prolong children’s learning interests by setting up a feedback mechanism which is simple and attractive. The second is aims to deep research of new immigrant family such as parent-child interaction.