建立通用設計應用於產品開發過程模式之研究-以手工具為例

A Study on Founding Modle of Applying Universal Design to Product Development Process-Hand Tool as an Example

方恪修(Ko-Hsiu Fang)

指導教授 ： 吳志富

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

通用設計（Universal Design）因國際化、高齡化與少子化等社會變異而日顯重要。多數研究以『既定』之通用設計原則來評估現有產品或環境，並對其缺失提出改善之方針；然而，目前通用設計原則多屬概括性的敘述，並非適合評估每類產品。
本研究為開創新式通用設計量表，以質性的角度並參考各學者提出的通用設計原則細項設計通用設計評估量表，遂由因素分析、數量化一類等統計方法，進而建立了手工具的評估準則與手工具UD造形設計要素，其研究結果顯示如下：（1）透過蒐集手工具通用設計詞彙，本研究參考各通用設計原則並設計了82項敘述，建立了手工具新式量表題庫。（2）由統計方法分析後，鐵鎚可萃取出5大主成份即『美觀性與安全性』、『實用性』、『價值性』、『舒適性』、『易操作性與經濟性』；螺絲起子可萃取出5大主成份即『價值性』、『美觀性』、『舒適性與經濟性』、『公平性』、『靈活性』；尖嘴鉗可萃取出6大主成份即『美觀性』、『實用性』、『安全性與價值性』、『公平性』、『經濟性』、『靈活性與環保性』。（3）鐵鎚整體評價對應之造形要素相關性依序為：型態(短)、造形變化程度(複雜)、材質(單一)；螺絲起子依序為：型態(長)、材質(複合)、造形變化(簡單)；尖嘴鉗依序為：型態(短)、造形變化程度(複雜)、材質(單一)。本研究之評價發展過程可套用任何現有之產品，開發其專屬產品類別之通用設計評估準則，亦可提供設計師往後進行產品設計時之設計建議與參考。

關鍵字

質性研究 ； 通用設計 ； 手工具 ； 產品開發 ； 設計評估

並列摘要

This study aims to implement the concept and approach of Universal Design (UD) in product development. Using common hand tools as examples, this study proposes a design process model. The original scales of the UD consider the product development; however, the attributes of products are very different and without including the special attributes of product use, hence, there may be errors in evaluation of product propriety. In order to create the new scale of UD, from users’ perspectives and upon UD principles proposed previously, this study redesigns a new scale of UD on hand tools (i.e., hammers, screwdrivers and pliers) and further constructs evaluation criteria of hand tools by factor analysis and item analysis. Research findings show that similarities of hammers, screwdrivers and pliers are six evaluation criteria (i.e., has a professional looks, has a nice style, Ergonomic design, is fascinating design, has a high quality tool and sense of achievement in use) and they are mostly related to the principal component factor “ aesthetics”. In addition, this study also probes into the relationship between evaluation criteria and modeling factors of hand tools by Quantification 1 Analysis. Results indicate that “type” is the most significant factor of UD of hand tools. The process of this study can be applied to general products in the market and development of UD scale on unique attributes of the products. However, when integrating products with different attributes in the same category, the similarity of the attributes should be considered.

並列關鍵字

qualitative research ； universal design ； hand tools ； product development ； design evaluation

參考文獻

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