- 學位論文
利用超臨界二氧化碳萃取鴕鳥油脂以促進植物鞘氨醇經皮輸送之研究
EXTRATION OF OSTRICH OIL WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CARBON DIOXIDE TO ENHANCE THE TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF PHYTOSPHINGOSINE
摘要
目前台灣的鴕鳥飼養以供應食用肉品為主，此外生產蛋、羽毛、高價的鴕鳥皮及其他副產品。其皮下脂肪部分大多拋棄，但鴕鳥脂質中卻含有高比例的不飽和脂肪酸。而傳統油脂萃取大多是利用有機溶劑或是加熱等方式萃取，會有溶劑殘留、產生異味，且萃取出之油脂不飽和脂肪酸含量較少。本研究利用不同萃取方式萃取鴕鳥油脂，比較其產率、酸價、過氧化價以及脂肪酸成分，並挑選出最佳萃取方式及條件進行放大生產，爾後利用萃取出之油脂進行藥物經皮輸送實驗。 結果顯示 16 種萃取方式及條件中，以超臨界二氧化碳萃取出之油脂具有較佳的品質以及較多不飽和脂肪酸含量；其中， 65 ℃、300 bar 於32 ml 萃取槽（小量萃取）及100 ml 萃取槽（放大生產）兩種槽體尺寸中皆具有高產率，分別為 74.14±2.07 ％ 及23.87±1.59 ％，經比較小量萃取及放大生產之參數後，乃因萃取物溶解度不足導致產率下降，但 65 ℃、300 bar 之油脂經脫酸、脫臭後不飽和脂肪酸之C18：1之油酸含量約在 30 ％ 以上，適合用於藥物經皮輸送之實驗。 以超臨界二氧化碳 65 ℃、300 bar 條件萃取之油脂（1 g）並添加Tween 80（0.5 g） 及 Span 60（0.5 g）製作乳液，其粒徑大小約為 600 nm，且抑制皮膚水分流失及保水能力高於市面上常使用之角鲨烷；最後，利用此鴕鳥油乳液進行植物鞘氨醇經皮輸送實驗，以鴕鳥油乳液包覆植物鞘氨醇，其皮膚穿透係數為 0.32±0.194 cm2/hr，而植物鞘氨醇溶於乙醇溶液中，皮膚穿透係數為 0.246±0.139 cm2/hr，穿透率增加 23.1 ％。故鴕鳥油乳液比植物鞘氨醇乙醇溶液具有更佳的藥物穿透效率。
並列摘要
The breeding Taiwan ostrich is mainly for providing meat. The side products such as eggs, feather and skin are also valuable, but the subcutaneous fat was usually abandoned. Ostrich oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Organic solvent extraction or heating method were used to extract ostrich oil from fat. The residual organic solvent and have bad flavor make those methods less popular. In this research, several extraction methods were used to extract ostrich oil. Among those extraction methods, supercriticial carbon dioxide extraction yields the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids. The condition of 65 ℃ 200 bar have the great yield in small（32 ml extractor） and scale up （100 ml extractor）extraction（74.14±2.07 ％ and 23.87±1.59 ％）. The poor solubility in scale up extraction may result in low yield of oil. After deacidification and deodorization, the oleic acid content can reach as high as 30 ％. The extraction ostrich oil （1 g） was formulated by adding Tween 80 （0.5 g） and Span 60 （0.5 g） and emulsified. Particle size of the ostrich oil cream’s particle size was approximately 600 nm. The capability of increased water content and decreased transepidermal water loss （TEWL） of the epidermis for ostrich oil cream is better than squalane cream. For the transdermal delivery, the permeability coefficient of transdermal delivery for the phytosphingosine encapsulated by ostrich oil cream was 0.32±0.194 cm2/hr, while the permeability coefficient of phytosphingosine which dissolved in ethanol was only 0.246±0.239 cm2/hr. The results suggest that, ostrich oil cream is better than ethanol formula for phytosphingosine transdermal delivery.