鐵窗花圖案應用在空間設計部位之研究

窗花是指窗上的裝飾，有美觀、防禦干擾或防盜等功能，古代窗花也稱為剪紙，是由手工剪出圖案，古人常把鳳凰禽鳥樣式的剪紙圖案貼於窗前，這樣可以驅逐嚇跑兇禽猛獸，常用於年節除舊佈新與節慶添福氣等用途，因此古代以貼窗花的習俗，作為驅邪祈福之作用。日治時期以鐵材質製成的鐵窗花作為防盜之功能，其圖案多以祈福語吉祥圖案或日常所見景物為題材。鐵窗花隱身在臺灣各個大街小巷的舊屋中，是日治時期的產物，由於時代的進步，機械化製作，進入工業時代後，高樓大廈林立，手工鐵窗花製作難敵機械化量產，因此逐漸被現代的不鏽鋼窗花與鍛造精緻窗花取代，又加上老舊房屋重建或拆除，而使舊式鐵窗花逐漸消失中。臺南又稱為古都，有著豐富多樣的鐵窗花，而位於五條港文化園區的老街神農街在清領及日治時期稱為北勢街，鄰近海港商貿，為貨物集散之商店街道，因此透過田野調查以神農街等地區之老舊鐵窗花來進行圖案紋樣之蒐集。本研究透過造型原理等文獻探討及分析彙整出點、線、鏤空的面、圖案語意及製作工法等項目，其中基本元素及鏤空特質可應用於現代空間設計之部位，如開口部、室內隔屏與裝飾、屋頂棚架以及其他如文創、…等之應用。而其應用手法則以圖案復刻之應用、重組或變化及鏤空特質之應用等方式，將舊元素應用於現代空間設計之部位。至於研究目的則為能保存臺灣文化特色，保存延續先人的智慧與涵養，作為創作應用之依據。

關鍵字

關鍵詞：剪紙；窗花；鐵窗花；基本元素；空間部位應用；創新延續

並列摘要

Traceries are decorations often seen on windows. It can be used as aesthetic or avoiding disturbance and burglar. An ancient tracery, also known as cutouts, was a handmade paper-cutting ornament. People by then often paste cutouts with patterns of phoenixes or other avian on their windows during both Chinese New Year when everything is renewed and holidays when people expect good luck. Doing so could scare away the beasts. Therefore, pasting traceries on windows has long been a custom to expel evil influences and invoke blessings. During the Japanese occupation, the burglar grille was made of metal, the patterns were normally designed with blessing words, symbols of luck, or common-seen-sceneries as a theme. Metal traceries were hidden in old houses among streets and alleys throughout entire Taiwan, it is the product of Japanese occupation. With the progress of era, mechanization manufacturing, and the entry of industrializing age, ever since tall buildings and large mansions are everywhere. Handmade metal traceries were defeated by mechanizing mass production, plus, old houses were destroyed and broken down, old school metal traceries disappeared by times and were further replaced by stainless steel and exquisite forging ones. Tainan, also known as “The Ancient City”, has a great variety of traceries. Once called Beishi Street back in the Japanese occupation period, Shennong Old Street is located in the Old Five Channels Cultural Zone. Shennong Old Street sat near the harbor and business area, it is the main business firm street of the container yard, hence the fieldwork will be collecting patterns from the old-style-traceries among the nearby area of Shennong Old Street. This research consolidated points, lines, hollow surfaces, pattern semantics, and manufacturing method through the “Modeling Principle” and further literature reviews and analysis. Among these, fundamental elements and hollow characteristics can be used in the designs of modern spatial location, such as the opening part, indoor shield and decoration, canopy frame, and other culture and creative design. Putting elements into use by duplicate, restructure, and diverse, and also the hollow characteristic is to apply old school elements in modern interior design positions. As for the researching goals, it is to preserve Taiwanese cultural characteristics and the wisdom and virtue of our ancestors as a reference.