- 學位論文
長期哺餵母乳歷程的家庭動力分析—單雙胞胎家庭的對照
An Analysis of Family Dynamics and Long-term Breastfeeding –the Comparison between the Family with Singleton Newborn and the Family with Twins
摘要
本研究旨在以家庭動力觀點，瞭解單雙胞胎家庭長期哺餵母乳歷程中，家庭次系統的運作情形。本研究以深度訪談方式收集資料，訪談對象為具有六個月以上純哺餵母乳經驗，且離乳不超過一年的初產婦，共訪談單胞胎母親6名，雙胞胎母親5名，共11名。資料分析則採用主題式分析方式，並以家庭系統理論的重要概念為依據。結果發現，長期哺餵母乳包含形成期、關鍵期、堅定期及穩定期四個階段，而且，雙胞胎的哺乳在每一階段均有其特徵。至於成功哺餵則不只是母親個人的事，家庭系統的互動模式亦提供相當影響力，各階段的系統動力特徵如下說明： 一、哺餵母乳的起點--形成期的動力因素： 1.「哺餵母乳」變成家庭信念；2.哺乳信念來源的多元化；3.信念促發了各次系統的準備行動；4.哺餵母乳促進各次系統的連結；5.哺餵母乳強化夫妻次系統並淡化其性別界限；6.哺餵母乳以女性經驗的傳承為主；7.網路成為父親參與哺乳任務的利器；8.父職參與的多樣化。而雙胞胎哺餵的特徵為：1.乳汁不足的擔憂，妻子勝於丈夫；2.「安胎」比哺乳重要；3.「母乳」變成救兒良藥。 二、哺餵母乳的行動--關鍵期的動力因素： 1.各次系統展現有效能的補位運作；2.哺餵母乳似乎對於未來的親職分工定下了基調；3.哺餵母乳增進了夫妻次系統的親密度；4.陪產假有助於父職的參與；5.哺餵母乳強化各次系統的情感結構。而雙胞胎哺餵的特徵為：1.早產延後哺乳學習，卻加深哺乳動力；2.早產因素讓父職角色更鮮明；3.雙胞胎的公平議題從哺乳開始。 三、哺餵母乳的難關--堅定期的動力因素： 1.父母信念因問題的解決而更堅定：2.父親亦可以是主動哺乳者；3.哺餵母乳的合作模式隱含性別規則的突破與限制；4.信念讓各次系統建立起有效的哺乳迴路；5.同盟的女性次系統造就隱形父親；6.婆娘有別；7.作月子地點選擇和家庭資源及權力關係有關。而雙胞胎的哺乳特徵為：1.雙胞胎促使男性祖代投入哺乳次系統；2.人力不足是產婦的心聲；3.公平議題逐漸擴大。 四、哺餵母乳的生活--穩定期的動力因素： 1.哺乳成為家族的主要生活；2.哺乳次系統的形成；3.嬰兒本身的正向回應；4.哺乳的經濟價值；5.家外次系統的支持；6.哺餵母乳促發家庭建立新規則。而雙胞胎的哺乳特徵為：1.動員雙倍的家庭成員；2.更強制使用母權；3.公平議場潛藏的性別化現象。 五、長期哺餵母乳歷程的整體現象： 1.形成期較晚發生未必影響哺乳歷程；2.關鍵期延遲並不一定影響後續哺乳之成功；3.雙胞胎之堅定期較長，穩定期較慢出現；4.長期哺餵母乳在不同時期各有其關鍵性因素。
並列摘要
This research is aimed at understanding the differences of the family subsystem between the long-term breastfeeding process of the family with singleton and twins from the view of family dynamics. Through intense interviews, this research interviews primipara mothers with breastfeeding at least six months and weaning in a year. There are six mothers with singleton and five mothers with twins who attended in this interviewees. This research is based on family system theory. And after collecting relevant information, the research use the thematic analysis in this study. The result shows long-term breastfeeding process includes forming stage, critical stage, persisting stage, and steady stage. However, there are differences in each stage between the mother with singleton and the mother with twins. As for successful breastfeeding, not only by mother but also the family system has an important influence. The characteristics of the dynamic factors in each stage: I.The characteristics of the dynamic factors of breastfeeding in forming stage about breastfeeding: 1.Breastfeeding is a family belief.2.The belief of breastfeeding comes from various sources.3.The belief stirred the action of preparation in each of subsystem.4.Breastfeeding promoted the connection in each of subsystem.5.Breastfeeding enhanced husband-wife subsystem and abated gender differences.6.It was the main experience in breastfeeding which is women’s breastfeeding experience.7.Internet is a tool for fathers to join the action of breastfeeding.8.Fathers played various roles in joining the action of breastfeeding. However, the characteristics of breastfeeding twins:(1)The parents with twins are worried that the breast milk is not enough. The wives were more worried than the husbands.(2)Tocolysis is more important than breastfeeding.(3)Breast milk is a panacea for babies. II. The characteristics of the Dynamic factors of breastfeeding in critical stage about breastfeeding: 1.Each of subsystem showed effective complementary operation. 2. Breastfeeding would be a foundation in parent’s division of work. 3. Breastfeeding promoted close relationship in husband-wife subsystem. 4. The paternity leave would be helpful for fathers’ participation.5.Breastfeeding enhanced the emotional structure in each of subsystem. The characteristics of breastfeeding twins:(1)The premature delivery delayed the learning of breastfeeding, but enhanced the motivation of breastfeeding.(2) The premature delivery made fathers’ roles clear.(3)The justice of twins was from breastfeeding. III.The characteristics of the Dynamic factors of breastfeeding in persisting stage: 1.Parents’ belief is steady on the solution of breastfeeding.2.Fathers can be volunteers of breastfeeding.3.The cooperative model of breastfeeding implied the innovation and restrictions of sexual rules.4.Each of subsystem was built effective breastfeeding circuit by belief.5.Fathers’ roles were ignored in the subsystem of the alliance of females.6.Mothers and mother-in-laws have different roles in persisting stage.7.Choosing the place for parental leave related family resource and power relationship. The characteristics of breastfeeding twins:(1)Grandfathers joined the subsystem of breastfeeding because of twins.(2)Breastfeeding twins is always in a plight breastfeeding because of lack of manpower. (3) Justice of twins was enlarged. IV. Life of breastfeeding: The characteristics of the Dynamic factors of breastfeeding: 1.Breastfeeding is a main life in the family. 2. The subsystem of breastfeeding was formed. 3. The babies gave positive feedback. 4. Breastfeeding of economic value. 5. Other subsystems (besides family subsystems) provided supports. 6. Breastfeeding made families build new rules. The characteristics of breastfeeding twins :(1)Breastfeeding twins mobilize enormous family members. (2)Mothers used matriarchate strongly. (3)Justice issue implied sexual phenomenon. V. The whole phenomenon of long-term breastfeeding: 1.It mustn’t effective the process of breastfeeding whether forming stage happened late or early. 2. The procrastination of critical stage must not effect whether breastfeeding was successful or not. 4. Long-term breastfeeding has different factors in each of the stages.