高中職學生家庭系統分化、自我概念與人際衝突解決策略之關係研究

The Relationships among High school Students’ Family System Differentiation, Self-concepts, and Interpersonal Conflict Resolutions

蔡金蓮(Chin-Lien Tsai)

指導教授 ： 游淑華

台南應用科技大學/生活科技學院/生活應用科學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討高中職學生「家庭系統分化」、「自我概念」與「人際衝突解決策略」之關聯性。本研究採問卷調查法，係以台南縣、市高中職一至三年級，共1688位日間部學生為研究對象，並以「家庭系統分化量表」、「青少年自我概念量表」與自編之「人際互動量表」為研究工具收集資料。問卷回收後，剔除作答不完全者，共得有效樣本1501份。本研究以SPSS 12統計軟體進行t考驗、單因子變異數分析、典型相關、逐步多元迴歸、徑路分析等統計分析。最後，本研究主要發現如下：
一、在「家庭系統分化」各構面（婚姻次系統分化、父子次系統分化、母子次系統分化、親職次系統分化、整體系統分化）上，不同「性別」受試者均無顯著差異；但在「婚姻次系統分化」上，則不同「父母婚姻關係」、「居住情形」受試者有顯著差異存在，其中，「父母同住」和「與父母同住」者優於「父母未同住」和「未與父母同住」者。
二、在「自我概念」各構面（生理我、能力我、學業我、情緒我、家庭我、學校我）上，不同「性別」受試者除了在「學業我」上無顯著差異外，男生的「情緒我」優於女生，而其餘各構面則女生顯著優於男生；另，不同「父母婚姻關係」、「居住狀況」在「家庭我」上亦有顯著差異存在，即，「父母同住」和「與父母同住」者優於「父母未同住」和「未與父母同住」者。
三、在「人際衝突解決策略」各構面（競爭策略、逃避策略、忍讓策略、協調策略）上，不同「性別」受試者除在「協調策略」無顯著差異外，男生比女生容易採取競爭、逃避與忍讓等較為負向的策略；而，不同「年級」除在「忍讓策略」無顯著差異外，一年級比三年級學生容易採取「協調策略」，但三年級卻比一年級容易採取「競爭」與「逃避」策略；至於「父母婚姻關係」、「居住狀況」、「排行」等自變項則均無顯著差異存在。
四、「家庭系統分化」各構面與「自我概念」各構面間均存在顯著正相關，意即，高中職學生各種次系統分化程度越高，則各種自我概念亦越正向，反之亦然。
五、「家庭系統分化」，各構面均與「競爭策略」、「逃避策略」與「忍讓策略」呈顯著負相關；而與「協調策略」存在顯著正相關，意即，家庭系統分化程度越高，越不會採取「競爭策略」、「逃避策略」與「忍讓策略」，但越會採取「協調策略」。
六、「自我概念」各構面與「競爭策略」、「逃避策略」存在顯著負相關，而與「協調策略」存在顯著正相關，意即，自我概念越正向，越不會採取「競爭策略」、「逃避策略」，但越會採取「協調策略」。
七、「家庭系統分化」各構面與「自我概念」各構面對「競爭策略」、「逃避策略」、「忍讓策略」與「協調策略」等四種人際衝突解決策略具有良好的預測力；其中，「母子次系統分化」、「情緒我」與「能力我」是最有效的預測變項。
八、本研究所提出的「家庭系統分化-自我概念-人際衝突解決策略」因果模式大致能適當解釋所得資料，證實「自我概念」確實為中介變項。換言之，高中職學生之「婚姻次系統分化」、「父子次系統分化」與「母子次系統分化」會先影響「自我概念」，之後再影響其採取「人際衝突解決策略」；但「親職次系統分化」之徑路關係則未能成立。

關鍵字

家庭系統分化 ； 自我概念 ； 人際衝突解決策略

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among high school students’ family system differentiation, self-concepts and interpersonal conflict resolutions. Data were collected by the quantitative survey method. The subjects were 1,688 1st to 3rd grade students from senior and vocational high schools in Tainan. The instruments used in this study included: Family System Differentiation Scale, Adolescent Self-concepts Scale, and Interpersonal Interaction Scale. Discarding the incomplete questionnaires, 1,501 ones were valid. Data were analyzed by T-test, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis, which were out of the statistics programming software of SPSS for WINDOW set (12ed.). The major findings were as follows.
1. On the part of family system differentiation, in which there were four subsystems, marital, father-child, mother-child, parental subsystems, the results revealed that gender had no effect. However, as for marital subsystem differentiation, parents’ marital relationship and living condition had significantly positive impact. Among these, those whose parents live together and who live with their parents had more positive marital subsystem differentiation than those who don’t.
2. Concerning self-concepts, composed of six constructs, physiology-self, ability-self, schoolwork-self, emotion-self, family-self and school-self, gender had significant differences except in school-self. All constructs of schoolgirls’ were performed more positively than schoolboys’ except emotion-self. Besides, family-self could be predicted by parents’ marital relationship and living condition. For those whose parents live together and who live with their parents, their family-self were performed more positively than those who don’t.
3. Regarding interpersonal conflict resolutions, consisting of competitive strategy, avoidance strategy, accommodative strategy and coordination strategy, gender had significant differences except in coordination strategy. Schoolboys tended to adopt negative strategies, like competitive, avoidance and accommodative ones. However, grade had significant influences except on accommodative strategy. The first grade adopted more coordination strategy than the third; while the third adopted more competitive and avoidance ones. Interpersonal conflict resolutions could not be predicted by parents’ marital relationship, living condition and birth order.
4. There were significant positive correlations between family system differentiation and self-concepts. The results indicated that subjects who come from well-differentiated families could adopt positive self-concepts, and vice versa.
5. There were significant negative correlations among family system differentiation, competitive strategy, avoidance strategy and accommodative strategy; coordination strategy had significant positive correlations instead, which meant the better family systems were differentiated, the more subjects would prefer coordination strategy rather than competitive strategy, avoidance strategy and accommodative strategy.
6. There were significant negative correlations among self-concepts, competitive strategy and avoidance strategy; coordination strategy had significant positive correlations instead, which meant the more positive self-concepts subjects held, the more they would prefer coordination strategy rather than competitive strategy and avoidance strategy.
7. Family system differentiation and self-concepts could effectively predict interpersonal conflict resolutions; what is more, mother-child subsystem, emotion-self and ability-self were the best predicable variables.
8. Data could roughly be explained by the cause-and-effect model, “family system differentiation - self-concepts - interpersonal conflict resolutions”, by which self-concepts were proved as a mediator. That is, subjects’ marital, father-child and mother-child family subsystem differentiation would affect their self- concepts first, and in turn affected interpersonal conflict resolutions. However, the path of parental subsystem differentiation could not be predictable.

並列關鍵字

Family system differentiation ； Self-concept ； Interpersonal conflict resolution

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