高雄市文化觀光遊憩區之女性廁所設計研究

公共廁所是城市進步與否的重要指標，高雄市近年來積極發展觀光業，加上大型活動的舉辦，使得整個城市朝向國際化邁進。因此，在我們擁有先進硬體設備的同時，是否更應提升服務品質，以達兼具高水準與友善的都市標準。雖然政策的改變已提升公廁的品質與數量，然而更多精細體貼的服務卻仍美中不足。研究議題始於發現問題，隨著時代進步，人們開始注重精神生活；開始關注使用設備時的感受，而不再只是「可以用」，更要「很適用」。雖然1996年五四新女廁運動的成功，讓大家漸漸重視女性如廁的問題，2006年法規也將男女廁所比例從原本的一比二提高到一比五，更多的商業空間將廁所的規劃視為宣傳的手法，顯見公廁議題不再隱晦不明。儘管如此，新世代已非單純的兩性關係，也不是單純的只有殘障者與一般使用者，尤其在立法院通過「公共場所母乳哺育條例」，保障了公開哺乳的權益之後，愈來愈多女性認為女廁應設置哺乳室、尿布台及親子廁所。公廁設計顯然必須針對不同的年齡、不同的需要以貼近人性、符合需求。本論文基於使用經驗與觀察結果，研究關注以文化遊憩為主的空間，女廁如何在滿足基本需求之外，同時能符合文化藝術的意象設計。本研究以問卷法及訪談法進行，其結果發現，在公廁整體感受度調查中，「氣味」、「清潔度」、「通風」、「明亮度」、「安全」及「隱密性」是女性如廁時最在意的感受，也多數認為文化觀光遊憩區的廁所必須符合文化或藝術的主題，並且兼具簡潔明亮的內部設計。在空間的視覺喜好裡，「多功能廁所」、「一般廁所」及「清潔區」以亮潔的「白光」照明最為討喜，材質則仍是「磁磚或石材」為主，空間色彩則是「淺色」調勝出。但在「尿布室」、「哺乳室」則是以「黃光」照明、「木材質」和「粉色」系較受人歡迎。而在高雄市主計處所認定的文化觀光遊憩區中，以高美館噴泉廣場公廁設計較符合受訪者期待與喜好，駁二藝術特區的廁所則有重新規劃整建之必要。此外不少受訪者提出意見，顯見女性對公廁已開始注意並有所期盼。希冀本研究結果為文化觀光遊憩區及其他公共空間之女廁設計參考略盡棉薄之力。

關鍵字

女廁設計；人性化公廁；文化觀光遊憩區；空間設計

並列摘要

Public toilet is an important indicator regarding urban area development. Kaohsiung City Government has been proactively working on tourism developing recently, and meanwhile holding quite a few large-scale recreational activities and exhibitions, so that make the City move toward internationalization. However, even though we have advanced hardware, the service quality still needs to be improved in order to reach the better level that the developed and friendly city should have. The Government policy changes might have made quality and quantity of the public toilets improved, But still, more considerate services are still insufficient. This Study was initiated due to the problem being discovered. When the circumstances become more modernized, people begin to focus on spiritual life, to focus on the feeling of using the device, and to care about rather "better convenience” than “ordinary functional”. The success accomplished from the Five-four-new-female-toilets demonstration occurred in 1996 make people gradually focus on the issues of usage of female toilets. The Government Law established in 2006 also increase the ratio of male and female toilets from the originally one to two up to one to five. Currently more commercial space project treat the planning for toilet as a means of advertisement, therefore public toilets are no longer obscure topics. Nonetheless, in this new generation the toilet usage issues contain not simply the male and female, nor the disabled and general users. Especially after the Legislative Yuan passed "Regulations of breastfeeding in public places", to protect the interests of public breast-feeding, more and more women declare that the female toilets should include breast-feeding room, diaper table and family toilet room. Obviously the public toilets should be designed for various ages and different needs to fit the human nature and meet people demand. This research is based on experience and observation results, and mainly focus on how the cultural-recreation space, the female toilet, can meet the basic needs and be in line with the image of culture and art design. In this study questionnaires and interviews were used and the survey results show most users care most about smell, cleanliness, ventilation, light, safety, and privacy, when female users using the toilet. And most of them deem the toilets located at culture-tourism recreational area toilets must comply with the cultural or artistic theme, and both simple and bright interior design principle. Regarding preferences on space visualization, lighting with bright-white color is most preferred in "multi-function toilet", "general toilets" and "clean zone". The materials used are mainly tile or masonry with light color in these areas. While in diaper room and breast-feeding room, dim lighting and wood materials with pink color are most popular. According to statistics, the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts Fountain Square public toilets designed more in line with expectations and preferences of the respondents, the Pier-2 Art Center of the toilet need to re-planning. In addition, many respondents made comments which show that women have begun to pay attention to the toilets and look forward to improvements. I hope the results of this study can provide some contributions as reference for design on female toilets located at culture-tourism recreational areas and other public spaces. Keywords: female toilets design, user-friendly toilets, culture-tourism recreational areas, space design