孟德爾頌《D小調莊嚴變奏曲，作品五十四》之分析與詮釋

費利克斯‧孟德爾頌(Felix Mendelssohn, 1809- 1847)為浪漫樂派音樂家。孟德爾頌由家庭影響接觸到許多各方面才藝的薰陶，如音樂、繪畫、文學等，但是在音樂領域最為突出。孟德爾頌在音樂學習歷程中，除了經由老師的帶領及指導下接受到巴洛克時期、古典時期音樂家作品的影響，另外他也於歐洲各地旅演出，在旅遊過程中獲得許多創作靈感的來源，因此，讓身處於浪漫時期的孟德爾頌創作出多元且獨特的音樂作品。《D小調莊嚴變奏曲》(Variations Sériouses in D minor, Op. 54)為孟德爾頌晚年，創作時期的音樂作品。此創作呈現出孟德爾頌來自他人的影響以及自己獨特的想法：一、受到巴洛克時期的音樂作品，以及創作手法上的影響，在作品的第四變奏出現卡農的創作手法，以及第十變奏中的賦格手法。二、受到古典時期的音樂作品與曲式影響，像是主題變奏。三、保有當代浪漫時期的音樂風格及曲式，像是性格變奏。四、同時，保留個人創作特色的痕跡，如在作品中第十一變奏，聽起來呈現出類似無言歌的音樂風格。五、孟德爾頌使用固定和聲創作，全曲除了第十四變奏是D大調外，其餘皆為d小調。《D小調莊嚴變奏曲》整體作品架構為主題與十七個變奏，加一個尾奏；樂曲結構清晰，皆為二段體，大部分變奏與主題皆是十六個小節。孟德爾頌精巧的利用速度、織度、音響、音域、強弱、觸鍵的變化與組合，發揮個人特色，創做出別出心裁的音樂作品。

關鍵字

孟德爾頌，變奏曲，D小調莊嚴變奏曲，作品五十四

並列摘要

Mendelssohn was able to edified and contacted by various talents due to family’s influences. Such as music, painting, literature and so on but music was the most prominent. In the journey of learning music, besides, being led and guided by his teacher to receive the influences of musical works from Baroque and Classical Period, he also travelled and performed throughout Europe. He gained lots of inspiration during the journey. Therefore, all these influence made Mendelssohn create unique and varied musical works. This composition represents Mendelssohn’s own unique thoughts and other people’s influences. 1. He was impacted by the composing skills from Baroque music, such as the Canon used in the fourth variation and the fugue technique used in the tenth variation. 2. He was influenced by the musical works from classical style, like theme and variations form. 3. Character variation is used, which represents the retaining of the Romanticism . 4. His unique music style of Lieder ohne Worte can also be traced in the composition. 5. Conservative use of keys and harmonic progression: the harmonic progression in each variation was not varied a lot. The whole piece is in the key of D minor, except the variation fourteen, which is in its relative major key. Theme, 17 variations and a coda comprise the whole piece. The theme and each of the variations are in binary form. The theme and the variations are mostly 16-Measured. Mendelssohn cleverly used the changes and combinations of rhythm, texture, sound, range, dynamic, and touch not only to bring out personal composing features but also exquisitely create a master work.