國小高年級學童父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略與幸福感之研究

本研究旨在瞭解國小高年級學童父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略與幸福感的現況及差異情形，並探討其間的相關程度，及推論父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略對幸福感之預測力。本研究採用問卷調查法，以分層叢集抽樣方法選取北、中、南三區公立國小720名高年級學童為研究對象。研究工具包括「父母教養方式量表」、「親子衝突因應策略量表」和「國小學童幸福感量表」，並依填答結果以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數、皮爾森積差相關，及多元逐步迴歸進行統計分析，研究結論如下：一、學童知覺父母較常使用開明權威教養；較少使用專制權威、寬鬆放任及忽視冷漠教養。二、學童對父母的衝突因應策略上，較常使用折衷妥協型；較少使用退縮迴避型和競爭型。三、學童在幸福感各層面上，都能知覺到中等以上的幸福感。四、不同背景變項的學童，在父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略與幸福感的整體或部分層面有顯著差異。（一）、父母教養方式會因為性別、出生序及兄弟姊妹數不同而有整體或部分的顯著差異；但不會因年級不同而有顯著差異。（二）、親子衝突因應策略會因為性別、年級和出生序不同而有整體或部分的顯著差異；但不會因兄弟姊妹數不同而有顯著差異。（三）、幸福感會因為出生序及兄弟姊妹數不同而有整體或部分的顯著差異；但不會因性別、年級不同而有顯著差異。五、在父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略與幸福感之間，皆為整體或部分層面呈現顯著相關。六、父親的開明權威教養和學童對父親的折衷妥協型親子衝突因應策略，在整體幸福感具有最大的預測力。父母教養方式、親子衝突因應策略攸關學童的幸福感。本研究建議家長應多採取開明權威教養，而學童對父母要多採用折衷妥協型親子衝突因應策略，以提升學童的幸福感。最後以本研究的發現與結果，提供作為家長、家庭、親職教育工作者，以及輔導相關單位和未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

父母教養方式；幸福感；親子衝突因應策略

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among parenting styles, parent-child conflict coping strategies and well-being of senior students in primary school, and to presume the expectation of well-being.The questionnaire method was adopted for the survey.720 subjects were selected by stratified cluster sampling procedure from senior students of primary schools in different districts of Taiwan.The instruments used in the study include “Parenting Style Scale”, “Parent-Child Conflict Coping Strategies Scale” and “Well-Being Scale.” The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The conclusions were as followed: 1. For the parents of the subjects, authoritative parenting style is adopted much more than authoritative, indulgent and neglectful styles. 2.The senior students in primary school often adopt “compromising” conflict coping strategies to face with the parent-child conflict. 3. The well-being level of the senior students in primary school is above average. 4. Students with different background variables show significant differences on parenting styles , parent-child conflict coping strategies and well-being. (1) Different genders, birth sequence, and number of sibling indicate significant differences on parenting styles. (2) Different genders and grades, and birth sequence indicate significant differences on parent-child conflict coping strategies. (3) Birth sequence, and number of sibling indicate significant differences on well-being. 5. It has significant correlation among parenting style, parent-child conflict coping strategies and well-being. 6. The highest expectation of well-being is on fathers’ authoritative parenting style and parents’ “compromising” conflict coping strategies. According to the conclusions, authoritative parenting style and “compromising” conflict coping strategies are effective to increase students’ well-being. Several suggestions are provided for the parents, the families, the counselors and the future studies.