行動不便的銀髮族對服裝的需求

高齡化已是現下全球趨勢，以臺灣社會而言更是顯著，截至民國107年，老年人口突破14％，正式邁入高齡社會。這些年齡超過65歲的「銀髮族」，時常伴隨老化產生身體機能衰弱造成的行動不便問題，此一比例更依年齡增加逐步遞升，必然改變未來社會與產業結構，無障礙的空間食、衣、住、行的照顧將是未來特別受關注重要議題。在銀髮族的研究與關注中，行動不便的高齡者日常的衣著問題益顯重要，必須考量其身體機能較弱，需要他者協助穿脫等困難，但在現行研究中較少與行動不便高齡者服裝相關的資源，因此進行此領域相關研究，探討行動不便的銀髮族對服裝的需求，期能提供未來設計者針對行動不行便的銀髮族服裝之參考。本研究方法以質性研究，採用半結構式專家訪談法，模糊德菲法與模糊層級分析法三個階段依序進行研究探討。階段一以質性研究專家訪談法，透過十位行動不便的銀髮族進行訪談，參考相關文獻後，藉由訪談資料內容分析彙整後分為: 「可親近的」、「可調整的」、「能適應的」、「具吸引力的」共四大構面與十二項影響因子，作為本研究之架構。階段二採用專家問卷模糊德菲調查法，依據本研究架構設計問卷，共計發放30份問卷，採用三角模糊語意變數及解模糊後，透過專家群體決策篩選出服裝需求四大構面與十項影響因子。階段三採用模糊層級分析問卷調查法，求得主要構面下各影響因子間重要程度之相互權重分析，再依計算出之主要構面權重，可以確切得知各影響因子之絕對權重值，可以進行比較各項影響因子之間的重要性，最終再以模糊綜合評判確切最具影響的項目，共計發放30份問卷。研究結果顯示銀髮族對服裝的需求主要構面之重要性排序依序為可調整的、能適應的、具吸引力的、可親近的。影響因子以絕對權重而言前三項最重要的排序依序為功能性、可被關注的、寬鬆彈性。本研究尚有未竟之處，然對於行動不便的高齡者的服裝設計，期能提供設計者能夠參考之方向，以更貼合其使用者真實需求的服裝。

關鍵字

服裝設計；銀髮族；行動不便；模糊德菲法；模糊層級分析法；通用設計

並列摘要

An aged society is a global trend. It is obvious in Taiwan specially. Up to 2018, elderly population is breaking a new record of 14 percent. Taiwan is officially step into an aging society. These "silver-haired people" whose age is over than 65 often have physical mobility problems caused by their physical incapacity, and the possibility increase by their age. This will definitely affect our society and industry in the future. Special caring of barrier-free environment, food, clothing, living, and traveling will be an important issue in the future. In the research and caring of the silver-haired people, the daily clothing problems of elderly people with inconvenience are of great importance. We must consider their difficulty and the needed of help with putting on and taking off clothes. However, there are limited research and resources related to the clothing of elderly and incapable person. Therefore, we do the research in this field to explore he demand for clothing for the silver-haired people with limited mobility. This study uses qualitative research method. We dig in the research and discussion by three phases of Semi-Structured Expert Interviews, The Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process.In the first stage, Qualitative Research Expert Interviews were used. We interview ten silver-haired people with limited mobility. Referring to relevant literature and the interview data, we analyzed and summarized those content into “approachable”, “adjustable”, “adaptable”, and “attractive”. The four major aspects and twelve influencing factors is the main framework of our study. In the second stage, The Expert Questionnaire Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process were used. The questionnaires were designed by our research framework, a total of 30 questionnaires were sent out. After using triangular fuzzy semantic variables and de-blurring, the four major aspects of clothing demand and ten influencing factors were selected by expert group decision-making. In the third stage, the fuzzy hierarchical analysis questionnaire survey method is used to obtain the mutual weight analysis of the importance of each impact factor under the main aspect. According to the calculated main facet weight, the absolute weight value of each impact factor can be accurately obtained. After comparing the importance of the various impact factors, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine the most influential items eventually, a total of 30 questionnaires were sent out. The results of the study show that the importance of the major aspects for the silver-haired people's demand is adjustable, adaptable, attractive, and approachable in order. In terms of absolute weights, the most three importance of impact factors are functional, focusable, and flexible. There is still some imperfection in this study, but it provides some new direction reference for designers to fit real needs of elderly people with limited mility.