美濃地區不同世代的客家族群對客家飲食文化的認知及飲食行為之相關研究

A Correlation Study among the Different Generations' Cognition of Hakka Dietary Culture and EatingPattern of Meinong Area

陳玫如(Chen Mei-Ju)

指導教授 ： 李寧遠

台南應用科技大學/生活科技學院/生活應用科學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討高雄縣美濃地區年輕、中年與老年世代的客家族群與客家飲食文化間的關係，研究對象以美濃鎮12歲以上且具有客家血緣之客家族群進行調查，研究方法採用問卷調查法，以便利取樣的方式發放問卷，總共發出問卷400份，回收有效問卷398份，有效問卷率99.5％，包括「年輕世代」133份，「中年世代」212份及「老年世代」53份，運用「個人基本資料」與自編「客家飲食文化認知調查表」及「飲食行為調查表」等研究工具蒐集資料，並運用獨立樣本t檢定、敘述統計及二因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料的檢定與分析，期望研究結果可做為推廣客家族群對客家飲食文化認識之參考依據。本研究之研究結果顯示如下：
一.美濃地區不同世代的客家族群對於客家飲食文化的認知，中年世代顯著高於年輕世代；在「客家飲食特色認知」構面上，中年世代顯著高於年輕世代；在「客家民俗節慶飲食認知」構面上，中年世代及老年世代皆顯著高於年輕世代；但在「客家傳統飲食認知」構面上則無顯著差異。
二.美濃地區不同世代的客家族群之飲食行為，老年世代明顯較年輕世代正向；在「對客家族群的情感及族群認同」構面上，老年世代明顯較年輕世代正向；在「對客家飲食的喜好及慣習」構面上，老年世代均明顯較中年及年輕世代正向；但在「對客家飲食的健康概念認同」構面上則無顯著差異。
三.美濃地區的客家族群對於客家飲食文化的認知在不同世代與背景變項交互作用上，不同世代與教育程度、家庭主業、家庭人口數及家庭型態等背景變項間有顯著交互作用。
四.美濃地區的客家族群之飲食行為在不同世代與背景變項交互作用上，不同世代與性別、婚姻狀態、教育程度、家庭主業、家庭人口數及家庭型態等變項間並無顯著交互作用。
五.美濃地區不同世代的客家族群之「客家飲食文化認知」及「飲食行為」之相關性，整體來看，年輕世代、中年世代及老年世代皆達顯著正相關。

關鍵字

客家飲食文化 ； 客家 ； 美濃 ； 世代 ； 飲食認知 ； 飲食行為

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of three different Hakka generations and Hakka dietary culture in Meinong area. Subjects are Hakka ethnic group with Hakka consanguinity, above 12 years old, in Meinong township, Kaohsiung county. The questionnaire survey is employed in this study, based on convenience sampling. 400 questionnaires were given and 398 questionnaires had returned, including the young generation of 133 surveys, the middle-aged generation of 212, and the old generation of 53. The response rate was 99.5％. The data was collected by the scale, divided into“personal data”, “ cognition of Hakka dietary culture ”and“ eating pattern”. The Questionnaire data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, the independent-samples t-test and two-way ANOVA. The analysis results . The analysis results concluded as followings:
1.Level of the middle-aged generation is obviously higher than the young generation in cognitions of Hakka dietary culture in Meinong area. Level of the middle-aged generation is obviously higher than the young generation in the aspect of cognitions of dietary characteristics. There are significant differences. Levels of the middle-aged and the old generations are obviously higher than the young generation in the aspect of cognition of folk custom diet. There is no significant difference in the aspect of cognition of traditional diet.
2.The old generation is more positive than the young generation in eating patterns. The old generation is more positive than the young generation in the aspect of the emotions and identification of Hakka ethnic group. The old generation is more positive than the young and the middle-aged generations in the aspect of the likes and habits of Hakka diet. There is no significant difference in the aspect of the identification of healthy concepts of Hakka diet.
3.There are significant interactions of different generations and background variables in cognition of Hakka dietary culture , such as educational level, family career, family size and family type.
4.There is no significant interaction of the different generations and background variables such as gender, state of marriage, education, family career, family size and family type in the eating pattern.
5.To sum up, the cognition of Hakka dietary culture has a significant positive relationship with eating pattern among three different generations.

並列關鍵字

Hakka dietary culture ； Hakka ； Meinong ； generation ； dietary cognition ； eating pattern

參考文獻

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