醫院員工工作壓力與健康促進生活型態之研究

The Association of Work Stress and Health Promoting Lifestyle in Hospital Employees

王詩淳(Shih-Chun Wang)

指導教授 ： 葉德豐

中臺科技大學/管理學院/健康產業管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

近年來有關職場健康促進的議題日益受到重視，已有研究指出工作壓力是影響職場人員健康的重要因素之一，故本研究之目的為瞭解醫院員工工作壓力的情形、健康促進生活型態施行情形以及工作壓力與健康促進生活型態之間的關聯性，期望能透過此研究讓員工瞭解健康促進的重要性，真正採取健康的生活型態並提供予政策制定者在未來健康促進政策的實行重點與方向。
本研究以一家私立醫療財團法人醫院，且為通過WHO健康促進醫院認證醫院的員工為研究對象，採橫斷式問卷調查法，自填式問卷包括個人基本資料、工作壓力量表與健康促進生活型態量表等部分，回收有效問卷803份，回收率為81.19%。統計分析包括描述性統計分析與獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、複迴歸分析等推論性統計分析。
研究結果顯示：（1）員工對於健康促進生活型態中較注重且實踐較佳的為「人際關係」，最容易忽略的則是「身體活動」。（2）員工中以年齡為25歲以下、護理人員、擔任主管、本院工作年資11~15年者及需要輪三班等族群工作負荷較重。（3）工作控制較佳和同事給予支持度較高的員工族群，越會注重健康促進生活型態的施行，反之，自覺工作缺乏保障的族群，其對於健康促進生活型態的施行則顯得越不重視。
根據本研究結果建議：（1）員工對身體活動的施行較差，院方可藉由開辦多元化時段選擇的運動社團來鼓勵員工運動。（2）增加員工營養課程，教導員工從最基本的注重營養開始施行良好的健康促進生活型態。（3）將單向考核改為雙向考核。（4）落實完善輪調制度，醫院所有職務中以護理人員及需要輪三班者工作負荷較重，現行醫療機構普遍存在護理人力不足的問題，醫院管理者應思考如何去平均安排其班別，抑或是找出人員離職異動的根本原因，避免陷入人力不足的惡性循環中。（5）增加行政人員專業成長課程以達到自我成長，並提升其在工作上的自信度。

關鍵字

健康促進生活型態 ； 工作壓力 ； 醫院員工

並列摘要

In recent years, the workplace health promotion issues have been paid more attention. There had been many researches to point out that the work stress was an important factor of workplace personnel health. The objective of this study is to understand that perceived work stress, health-promoting lifestyle, and the association between health-promoting lifestyle and perceived work stress among hospital employees. The expectation of this study is to let the employees know the importance of health promotion, take a really healthy lifestyle and provide the policy makers to implement related actions.
In this study, a cross-sectional self administrative questionnaire will be use in a private non-for-profit hospital in central Taiwan. The questionnaire included personal characterstics, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and C-JCQ. After the pretest, all employees were included in this study, 803 of 989 replied the questionnaire, and final response rate was 81.19%. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistical, independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.
The results of this study indicated the following:(1) “Interpersonal relations” was the highest domain among those of health-promoting lifestyle, and “physical activity” was the lowest. (2) Physchological demands were higher in hospital employees who are the age as below 25 years old, nurses, managers, 11-15 years of experience, and those who need to work three-shifts. (3)The higher job control and coworker support are, the higher health promoting lifestyle adopt. However, the higher employment insecurity are, the less health promoting lifestyle adopt.
According to the results: (1)Hospital can establish a time-flexible athletic associtation to encourage employees to promote physical activites. (2) Hospital can add the classes to teach the employees focusing on basic nutrition for implementing health promoting lifestyle. (3) Performance inspect will chang from one way check to bidirectional inspection.(4)In addition to nursing manpower shortage, physchological demands of nurses and those who need to work three-shifts are higher, the policymaker of hospital must arrange a fair shift strategy and find the root causes of turnover in order to avoid the vicious circle of manpower shortage. (5) To achieve the self-growth and self-confidence, hospital can add the growth classes for administrative personnel specialized.

並列關鍵字

health-promoting lifestyle ； work stress ； hospital employees

參考文獻

3.丁志音、江東亮（1996）。以健康行為型態分類台灣地區之成年人口群－群聚分析之應用，中華公共衛生雜誌，15（3），175-187。

5.王佳慧、李碧霞、鄭綺、高靖秋、楊勤熒、蔡仁貞（2006）。護理人員疲倦／活力度、健康促進生活型態與健康相關生活品質之研究。新台北護理期刊，8（1），7-16。

9.王英偉（2008）。國際健康促進的發展。醫療品質雜誌，2（3），4-9。

10.王靜琳、黃瓊玉、呂桂雲、何美瑤（2007）。護理人員工作壓力與社會支持之探討。榮總護理，24（1），59-68。

14.江東亮、余玉眉（1994）。健康促進：國民健康的新方向。中華公共衛生雜誌，13（5），381-387。