臺灣鴿與其他鳥類糞便之隱球菌調查

Isolation and typing of Cryptococcus neoformans in fecal specimens from pigeon and other birds in Taiwan

陳志峯(Chih-feng Chen)

指導教授 ： 潘銘正 ； 林春福

中臺科技大學/健康科學院/醫學生物科技研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

隱球菌症(cryptococosis)屬於重要人畜共通傳染病，主要引起隱球菌性腦膜炎(cryptococcal meningitis)。本病常發生於免疫力有缺陷的病患，如後天免疫不全症候群(AIDS)、器官移植、癌症的患者。致腫瘤隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)為一種遍及世界各地的伺機性病原菌，其中從鴿子污染的糞便中分離出致腫瘤隱球菌最多。致腫瘤隱球菌可分為grubii變異型，neoformans變異型和gattii變異型等三種變異型，且各自擁有不同的莢膜抗原A、B、C、D和AD共五種血清型。gattii變異型與桉樹(Eucalyptus spp.)有密切關係，而grubii變異型和neoformans變異型的貯菌主為鴿子。為了解隱球菌在鴿與其他鳥類之分布情形，本研究在2009年4-11月，自台灣各地鴿舍、鳥店、公園廣場等處所採集鴿糞便檢體共1,118件，其他鳥種60件，共計1,178件。將收集到的檢體進行隱球菌分離培養，再以API 32C套組鑑定。將已確定之隱球菌以URA5-RFLP、M13 PCR Fingerprinting及（GACA）4 Fingerprinting等方法進行分子型鑑定、並且以CAP59 Gene PCR-REA及Multiplex PCR方法區分血清型，結果總分離率為6.54%（77/1,178），其中鴿糞便分離率為6.62%（74/1,118），其他鳥種金絲雀(Serinus canaria)及牡丹鸚鵡(Agapornis roseicollis)分離率為5.0%（3/60），皆屬於血清型A、VNI分子型。本研究數據將可提供國內人畜共通傳染病防疫工作之參考。

關鍵字

致腫瘤隱球菌 ； 隱球菌症 ； 鴿糞 ； 血清型 ； 分子型

並列摘要

Cryptococcosis, a zoonotic disease, can cause fatal meningoencephalitis in humans or patients who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), with cancer, with organ transplantation and with defective immunity. Cryptococcus neoformans, a wide spread opportunistic pathogen of cryptococcosis, can be isolated from Eucalyptus trees, soil and the bird droppings especially pigeons. There are three varieties of this organism: C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B and C). According to the specific immunologic properties of their capsular polysaccharide, they have been divided into five distinct serotypes (A, B, C, D and AD). Based on the previous studies, pigeon droppings were the important reservoir of C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans. To understand the distribution of C. neoformans in pigeons and other birds, we collected fecal specimens from all over Taiwan during April to November, 2009. A total of 1,178 fresh fecal specimens from pigeons and other birds were collected from the whole Taiwan including Kinmen and Penghu off-shore islands. The results showed the isolation rate were 6.62% (74/1,118) and 5.0% (3 / 60) in pigeons and the other birds’ feces respectively, without significant differences. In this investigation, the total positive rate was 6.54% (77/1178), the positive rate in northern Taiwan was 12.8% (47/368), and central Taiwan positive rate was 6.0% (25/416), 1.9% positive rate in southern Taiwan (4 / 216) and off-shore islands positive rate was 1.3% (1 / 75). The survey found that all 77 isolates belonged to serotype A and VNI molecular type, which are similar to domestic human isolates reported. Their correlation deserves public health attention.

並列關鍵字

serotype ； zoonotic disease ； Cryptococcus neoformans ； molecular type

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