元宵節臺灣燈會歷年主燈研究－從造形、風格、結構與包覆材料

元宵節是臺灣十大重要節慶之一，臺灣燈會分為兩個階段，分別為1990~2000年的臺北燈會，和2001年起改為在各縣市巡迴舉辦的臺灣燈會。動機如下：一、從1990年開始有主燈，當年是馬年，但以龍為造形；1991年開始以當年生肖為造形；2019開始年是結合當地元素、概念做設計，將探究歷年燈會主燈造形。二、歷年臺灣燈會主燈造型之構成形式不同，將歷年燈會主燈造形進行比較。三、由於主燈大，高度又高，須承受風力、重量，結構就必須穩固，將分析歷年燈會主燈之結構體材料與包覆材料。每年臺灣燈會主燈的主題不同，因此主燈造形不同、構成主燈結構的結構體材料與主燈表面包覆骨架的包覆材料不同，故經由背景、動機之探討，進行目的如下：一、探索歷年臺灣燈會主燈造形。二、探索歷年臺灣燈會主燈造形之差異。三、探索歷年臺灣燈會主燈之結構與包覆材料。藉由內容分析、專家訪談，針對上述問題進行探討後獲得研究結論如下：一、臺灣燈會主燈造形起源於十二生肖：透過研究分析，得知主燈造形起源於十二生肖，是由代表年份的十二種動物與記錄時間的十二地支相配。二、結構與包覆材料的選擇透過訪談與內容分析，得知主燈又大又高，須承受風力、重量，選用鋼骨作為結構體材料；不鏽鋼沖孔板作為包覆材料。三、三十三年來臺灣燈會主燈的演變 (ㄧ)、造型：前二十九年都以生肖，直到2019年結合在地特色、特產等元素。 (二)、風格：多為抽象，1992 為寫實，1993 年抽象與寫實，2022 年抽象與具象。 (三)、結構與包覆材料：結構用鋼骨，2020 以原木板片加鋼構，2021 是孟宋竹。包覆用不鏽鋼、金屬沖孔板，但2012、2013 年使用光柵片；2015 年使用LED光學擴散板；2017、2018年使用可回收光學折射片。

關鍵字

臺灣燈會；主燈造型；主燈材料

並列摘要

The Lantern Festival is one of the top ten important festivals in Taiwan. The Taiwan Lantern Festival is divided into two phases: the Taipei Lantern Festival from 1990 to 2000, and the Taiwan Lantern Festival held in various counties and cities since 2001. The motivation is as follows: 1. Since 1990, there has been a main lamp, which was the year of the horse, but it was shaped. with a dragon; in 1991, the shape was based on the zodiac; in 2019, the design was based on local elements and concepts, and the shape of the main lamp of the lantern festival over the years will be explored. 2. The shapes of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern Festival are different in the past years, and the shapes of the main lights of the Lantern Festivals in the past years are compared. 3. Due to the large size and high height of the main lamp, it must withstand wind force and. weight, so the structure must be stable. We will analyze the structural materials and cladding materials of the main lamps at the Lantern Festival over the years. The theme of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern Festival is different every year, so the shapes of the main lights are different, and the structural materials that make up the structure of the main lights are different from the cladding materials that cover the skeleton of the main lights. Therefore, through the discussion of the background and motivation, the following purposes are carried out: 1. Explore the shape of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern Festival over the years. 2. Explore the differences in the shape of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern Festival. over the years. 3. Explore the structure and cladding materials of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern. Festival over the years. Through content analysis and expert interviews, the research conclusions obtained after discussing the above issues are as follows: 1. The shape of the main lantern of the Taiwan Lantern Festival originated from the twelve. zodiac signs: Through research and analysis, it is known that the shape of the main lantern originated from the twelve zodiac signs. 2. Selection of structural material and cladding material Through interviews and content. analysis, we learned that the main light is large and tall, and must withstand wind force and weight. Steel frames were selected as the structural material; stainless steel perforated plates were used as the cladding material. 3. The evolution of the main lights of the Taiwan Lantern Festival in the past 33 years (1) Shape: the first 29 years were based on the zodiac, until 2019 combined with local. characteristics, special products and other elements. (2) Style: mostly abstract, realistic in 1992, abstract and realistic in 1993, abstract and. concrete in 2022. (3) Structure and Cladding Materials: steel frame for structure, raw wood planks plus steel. structure in 2020, Mengsong bamboo in 2021. Stainless steel and metal perforated plates are used for cladding, but grating sheets are used in 2012 and 2013; LED optical diffusion plates are used in 2015; recyclable optical refraction sheets are used in 2017 and 2018.