張藝謀與陳凱歌執導之《杜蘭朵公主》歌劇視覺詮釋與差異研究

普契尼的歌劇劇本《杜蘭朵公主》自1926年首演以來，由不同導演執導的版本共百部以上，但所有被演出的版本均由西方歌劇導演執導。其中只有張藝謀與陳凱歌兩位中國電影導演，分別於2008年在北京紫禁城與1998年在西班牙瓦倫西亞歌劇院執導《杜蘭朵公主》。張藝謀與陳凱歌雖都是中國電影導演，但兩人詮釋與呈現普契尼《杜蘭朵公主》劇中的人物服飾上，在外觀視覺上有著很大差異。本文從上述兩版劇中主要人物：公主、卡拉富王子、柳兒、3位臣子、，進行劇中服裝、配飾使用之分析與比較異同。研究結果發現：一、張藝謀「紫禁城版」服裝仿明朝宮廷服飾；陳凱歌「瓦倫西亞版」服裝仿唐朝服飾。二、張藝謀「紫禁城版」劇中主要人物均配戴官帽或珠冠頭飾及雲肩，以凸顯宮廷氣勢。陳凱歌「瓦倫西亞版」公主僅一套禮服配戴珠冠頭飾及雲肩、其餘採垂墜髮型，少用配飾，與搭建戲台呈現剛柔並濟的視覺效果。

關鍵字

杜蘭朵公主；張藝謀；陳凱歌

並列摘要

Opera "Turandot" since 1926 since the premiere, Directed by a different director of the version of a total of more than 100, but all the version of the performance by the Western opera director directed. Only Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige two Chinese film director, respectively, in 2008 in Beijing Forbidden City and in 1998 in Valencia, Spain, the opera directed " Turandot "。 Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige are both Chinese film directors, but the two interpretation and presentation Puccini " Turandot " drama characters in the appearance of visual, there is a big difference. In this paper, the main characters from the two versions of the drama: princess, Prince Carla Fu, Liu children, three courtiers, the use of clothing, accessories analysis and comparison of similarities and differences. The results found: First, Zhang Yimou "Forbidden City Edition" clothing imitation Ming court dress; Chen Kaige "Valencia version of" clothing imitation Tang clothing. Second, Zhang Yimou "Forbidden City Edition" The main characters are wearing official cap or beads crown headdress and cloud shoulder, to highlight the palace momentum. Chen Kaige "Valencia" Princess only a set of dress wearing beads crown headdress and cloud shoulders, the rest of the drape hairstyle, less use of accessories, and build the stage showing hardness and softness of the visual effects.