我國鋼鐵產業國際化發展策略之探討-以國際分工理論及雙手併用功能理論分析

鋼鐵為現代經濟社會中所不可或缺的生產原料，其產業關聯度高，與汽車、營建、航空、造船、機械、電機、國防等關係密切亦為衡量一國工業生產的重要指標，全世界任何一個國家，鋼鐵工業常被視為國力強弱的象徵，先進與開發中國家，無不積極振興此項工業。鋼鐵使用量近年都有逐漸增強的趨勢，在近幾年很多主要地區都有明顯的成長，尤其全球的綱鐵產業因中國大陸經濟市場開放後產生的莫大的改變，亦刺激了世界相關產業的蓬勃發展，且新興國家各項基礎建設投資均呈穩定成長，鋼鐵需求增加，中國、印度等國均制訂「鋼鐵產業發展政策」，期望振興國內鋼鐵業成長；已開發國家（如日本、韓國）亦制訂鋼鐵政策，作為產業發展之依據。我國鋼鐵業之發展與國際密切連動，由於我國並無鐵礦料源產出的優勢，在現今經濟發展與環境責任同等重要的綠色經濟中，因鐵礦石為地球上蘊藏最豐富的元素之一，且鋼鐵原料一但生成後便可完全回收並有無限的生命週期，成為永久性資源，依此特性，其鋼鐵產品之原物料來源更為多元。本研究期藉由歷年鋼鐵產品進出口之貿易數據，運用適切之理論方法分析，探討我國鋼鐵產業於世界各國間的分工程度，拓展我原物料之來源、精進我鋼鐵產品之生產技術，充分利用上述國際發展趨勢，針對我鋼鐵產業國際競爭力之優劣勢提供策略建議，制訂相關產業政策，引導鋼鐵業轉型升級，提升產業競爭力為發展目標。

關鍵字

鋼鐵業；國際分工；雙手併用功能模型；貿易特化係數

並列摘要

Steel is an essential raw material to contemporary economy and is closely attached to industries such as automobile, construction, aviation, shipbuilding, mechanics, electronic engineering, and defense. Steel industry also is a crucial indication for a country’s industrial production. Steel industry is usually thought as a symbol of national strength worldwide. Both advanced and developing countries make great efforts in booming domestic steel industries. Steel consumption has increased in recent year. Significant growth in steel consumption is observed in several major areas. Tremendous changes of global steel industry due to the opening of Chinese market thrived related industries in the world. Emerging countries’ steady growth in the investment of infrastructure also increase demands of steel. Countries like China and India have established “Development Strategy for Steel Industry” in an expectation of booming domestic steel industries. Meanwhile, developed countries (Japan, South Korea…etc) also set up policies for steel as a reference for industrial development. Compared to no domestic production of iron ore, development of R.O.C. steel industry is closely linked to international community. Iron ore is one of the elements with the most reserve on this planet. In the green economy where economic development weighs the same responsibility with eco friendliness, steel becomes a sustainable resource since it is 100% recyclable and with unlimited life cycle. With this characteristic, sources of raw material for steel products become more diverse. With trade data of import and export of steel products and appropriate methods of theoretical analysis applied for this study, I wish to explore the degrees of division of R.O.C. steel industry in the world, expand the source of raw material, and enhance skills and technology of steel production. Furthermore, with this study, I also wish to provide recommendations to enhance international competitiveness, making related policies and regulations, and promote upgrade and reform for domestic steel industry.