保護營業秘密中法院核發秘密保持命令之探討

知識經濟風行的21世紀，掌握無形資產之智慧財產權領域，係國家的經濟發展與企業的永續經營之決勝點。智慧財產權過去以專利權、商標權、著作權較為人所知悉，然而我國的產業結構，從過去單純的勞力代工階段，逐步演進至具有自主研發的能力時，對於智慧財產權相關權利之保護，卻因產業急速遽進而無法同步，此時為了因應WTO及TRIPs規定之要求，我國於1996年1月17日制定通過「營業秘密法」全文共16條，讓國內對於新興之無體財產權即「營業秘密」之領域，能與國際接軌以順應世界潮流。因企業關鍵之營業秘密炙手可熱，同業競爭者無不尋覓突破之處，以取得產業優勢，致惡意企業不思自身進取研發，亟力以不正行為竊取他人營業秘密，因商業間諜或離職員工將營業秘密不當取得、利用，二造對簿公堂興訟在科技業界迭次傳出。營業秘密案件於訴訟過程中如將營業秘密資訊公開，勢必對擁有營業秘密之企業造成二次傷害及不利產業發展。因此，於2007年智慧財產案件審理法順應而生，其中有關「秘密保持命令」制度，最大的特色乃如因營業秘密涉訟時，透過「秘密保持命令」可大大強化營業秘密所有人的保障，不致讓營業秘密因訴訟制度設計而喪失秘密性，法院亦能因證據的充份提出，做出正確的裁判，更進一步能提昇司法的可信度。隨著全球經濟局勢的瞬息萬變，智慧財產權保護觀念的提升及貿易型態的千變萬化，國內因秘密保持命令制度施行數年來，雖有諸多成效，惟於實務運作上仍產生諸多爭議，故目前無論係實務或學界，對營業秘密的保障需求更甚，並認已有修正之需求。因此，本文就其過去施行成效及相關實務做出檢討，提出對該制度修正建言。

關鍵字

營業秘密；營業秘密法；秘密保持命令；智慧財產案件審理法；智慧財產權

並列摘要

In the 21st century, where the knowledge economy is popular, mastering the field of intellectual property rights of intangible assets is the decisive point for the country's economic development and the sustainable operation of enterprises. In the past, intellectual property rights were known by patents, trademarks, and copyrights. However, China’s industrial structure, from the simple stage of labor creation to the ability to develop independently, has protected intellectual property rights. Due to the rapid development of the industry, it was impossible to synchronize. At this time, in response to the requirements of the WTO and TRIPs, China issued a total of 16 copies of the "Business Secrets Law" on January 17, 1996, so that the domestic intangible property rights are "open." The field of "secret" can be in line with international standards to conform to the world trend. Because the key business secrets of the company are hot, the competitors in the same industry are looking for breakthroughs to gain industrial advantages, and the malicious companies do not think about their own research and development. They try to steal the business secrets of others by wrongdoing, because commercial espionage or resigned employees will open. The secrets were improperly obtained and used, and the second-generation courts were filed in the technology industry. In the case of business secrets, if the business secret information is disclosed during the litigation process, it will inevitably cause secondary harm to the company with business secrets and unfavorable industrial development. Therefore, in 2007, the Intellectual Property Cases Trial Law came into being. The biggest feature of the "secret retention order" system is that when the business secrets are involved in the lawsuit, the protection of the owners of the business secrets can be greatly enhanced through the "secret retention order". The business secrets will not be lost due to the design of the litigation system. The courts can also make correct judgments based on the evidence, and further improve the credibility of the judicial system. With the rapid changes in the global economic situation, the improvement of the concept of intellectual property rights protection and the ever-changing trade patterns, domestic implementation of the secret retention order system has been effective for many years, but there are still many disputes in the practical operation. In practice or academic circles, the need for protection of business secrets is even greater, and the need for amendments has been recognized. Therefore, this article reviews its past implementation effectiveness and related practices, and hopes to propose amendments to the system.