銀行移送中小企業信用保證基金決策因素之研究

本論文之研製旨在探討決定銀行移送中小企業信用保證基金決策因素之研究，並以中小企業信用保證基金與本國金融機構簽訂委託契約辦理信用保證業務為對象，並採用標準抽樣方式，再依中小企業信用保證基金民國98年年報中金融機構承保金額最多之銀行，依序選取研究對象，分別以選取一家公股銀行、三家已民營化之泛公股銀行及一家民營銀行，作為本研究之對象，經由相關文獻分析歸納出訪談大綱，並以該銀行從事企業戶授信且辦理移送中小企業信用保證基金保證業務十年以上經驗者為研究對象進行訪談，成為本研究資料之來源，經由專家訪談結果，而獲致結論如下：一、銀行對於中小企業授信，因擔保品不足時，如銀行願意承作，都會以移送中小企業信用保證基金保證為原則，以提高銀行對授信債權之安全性。二、銀行對移送中小企業信用保證基金授信並非全部行業都願意承作，如禮儀社、殯葬業通常會予以拒絕。三、銀行對於須改以專案方式申請授信額度，銀行主要考量該中小企業，再增加授信申請金額是否會產生更大的風險，並為害到銀行債權安全。四、中小企業之營授比與負債比超逾中小企業信用保證基金之規定，會要求中小企業辦理增資或徵提應收客票、存單設質作為償還來源。五、政府大規模推動刺激景氣、提振國內經濟發展等方案時，銀行都會一致支持政府，並願意提高對中小企業辦理授信。六、銀行對負責人或配偶持有信用卡或現金卡，且有循環信用或動用餘額時，對該中小企業申請授信會更加嚴格審查。七、銀行對設置績效獎金獎勵之辦法，其可以激勵員工工作士氣，但無法對中小企業因此而增加移送中小企業信用保證基金授信。八、目前銀行受理青年創業貸款或微型創業鳳凰貸款等專案貸款皆是由泛公股銀行辦理，通常承辦銀行對以上授信，只要符合資格都會受理。

關鍵字

中小企業信用保證基金；中小企業；授信決策因素；質性研究法

並列摘要

This research investigated the decision-making factors involved for bank in transferring Credit Guarantee Fund. This Credit Guarantee Fund is channeled into their entrusted financial institutions as guarantee for their contract businesses. Standard sampling procedures were performed, based on the 2009 SME Credit Guarantee Fund Annual Report of the Republic of China for insured financial institutions and many bank. The steps of the study were defined. Bank were selected based on company shares, involving three public banks which were privatized and with shares in a private bank. Interview questions were formulated based on a summarized review of relevant literature, focusing on Credit Guarantee Fund transfer for SME with more than ten years of operational experience. The results of the interviews served as the research data. The following are the important conclusions drawn from the study: 1.Due to insufficient collateral of SME the bank that are willing to make commitments will transfer credit to the SME Credit Guarantee Fund to improve safety of claims. 2.Not all banks are willing to make commitments and as required by social etiquette, the funeral industry will usually be rejected. 3.Bank will be diverted to an ad hoc basis in the application of credit limits for SME. Increasing the amount of credit applications will pose greater risk and harm to the security of bank debts. 4.If the operating ratio and debt ratio of SME exceed the granted Credit Guarantee Fund, SME will be asked to provide accounts for capital increase and sign contracts, in order to set the quality for the repayment of deposit sources. 5.To stimulate the economy and boost domestic economic development, the Government heavily promotes large-scale credits. Bank will unanimously support the Government in this program and will be willing to improve credit transfers to SME. 6.This program involves responsible persons or their spouses and bank credit or cash card holders who spend the balance of the revolving credit, or when the application for the SME credit transfer will require more stringent reviews. 7.Banks provide performance bonus incentives, which can boost staff morale, but these do not necessarily result in an increase of SME Credit Guarantee Fund. 8.For young entrepreneurs currently receiving bank loans, such as micro-business loans, the Phoenix project is an intercompany loan program focused on bank shares and is more than the usual contract bank credit, based on certain eligibility requirements.