論數位財產

當今世界是一個以資訊化為主並且高速發展的世界，網路已經成為人們必不可少的生活組成部分，Facebook、網遊、微博、電子信箱等數位財產也應運而生，這些不具備實體的數位財產由於使用者投入了大量的時間、精力甚至金錢，使它們不但具有實質的經濟價值，還具有精神價值。故而數位財產的繼承問題也進入大眾視野。事實上，世界其它地區對數位財產的關注也逐漸提高，並相繼納入法律的保護範圍，但數位財產是否為傳統意義上的財產，能否作為合法的遺產，如何繼承這些數位財產，目前在台灣尚未有相關立法定及相關制度加以明確，這使得實務中處理數位財產繼承的方法莫衷一是，當前實務上數位財產繼承仍依民法繼承規定辦理，然數位財產特性迥異於傳統財產，適用上多有扞格之處，因此數位財產的屬性認定和繼承方式該如何明確和構建，都是值得我們思考的問題。據此，本文擬依四個面向探討數位財產的相關問題，一是數位財產的法律屬性界定，主要介紹目前學界對數位財產法律屬性的學說以及表達本文觀點。同時分析數位財產可否納入遺產的範圍。二是構建數位財產繼承制度的必要性，討論數位財產的價值性，特別是經濟價值、精神價值及現實生活對繼承的利益需求，體現出數位財產繼承制度構建的必要性，將數位財產納入繼承範圍將是台灣民法未來修訂的趨勢；三是介紹國外及台灣關於數位財產保護的理論及相關案例，並分析它們對台灣的借鑒意義；四是數位財產繼承制度探討，借鑒美歐各國當前數位遺產立法例，通過探討國外當前數位遺產立法概況之分析及實務遭遇的問題、外國立法對台灣的借鑒意義。冀能提出針對性的解決問題方法和制度構想，促進現行繼承法律制度的完善，為司法實踐提供參考。

關鍵字

數位財產；網路數位財產；使用者授權協議；繼承制度；隱私權保護

並列摘要

As it is a digitalized and highly developed world, the Internet has become inseparable in human being’s life. Digital properties such as Facebook, online games, Weibo, emails, etc. are being used. Since the users of these digital properties have put loads of time, energy and even money in it, which make the properties not only have the actual economic value but also mental value. Thus, the heritage problem with these digital properties are also being considered with the public. In fact, this issue has brought its attention in other parts of the world as well and making it into law’s protection. However, whether digital properties have the same meaning as traditional property, could it be seen as a legitimate heritage, how to inherit these digital properties, are not yet solved in Taiwan, whether it is with the law or a system to enforce it, which made the way of dealing practice digital properties unable to reach an agreement. In the current practice, the inheritance of digital property is still handled in accordance with the provisions of the civil law inheritance. However, the property of digital property is different from traditional property, and there are many places where it is applicable. Hence, how to establish a clear digital properties’ attribute identification and how to inherit it is the issue that is worth exploring. Base on this, this essay will discuss the heritage issue of digital properties in four different ways. First, the attribute of the law, mainly introducing how the academic circle see the digital properties’ attribution and express the essay’s view. Meanwhile, analyzing whether digital properties could be part of the heritage. Second, the necessity of constructing a system for digital properties and discussing the value of digital properties, especially in economic value, mental value and the pros and cons to the reality, to reflect the essential of constructing a system. Third, introducing the theory and the example of digital properties both in Taiwan and abroad, while analyzing its meaning to use as a reference. Fourth, we can learn from the law that has been passed in American and Europe to build a system for digital properties. By analyzing the current law of digital properties and cases they have faced, we could learn from it and have targeted solutions and concepts for the system to make our law more complete to provide a reference for our judicial system.