技專校院之經營績效評估-共同邊界法之應用

近年來，評估高等教育之學校經營績效以教育部門委託專家學者建立績效指標進行相關評鑑或個別學校依據相關指標自我檢測評量，然而，近期來自社會大眾、學界及學校等都不約而同希望學校經營效率的評估更應考量學用落差、教師的專業指導能力等等並運用客觀的評估模式，將有限的教育資源作最有效的利用藉以提升國家競爭力。以臺灣的教育生態來看我國的技專校院依據政府投入經費及設立的組織分成國立及私立兩類，而在評估教育經費分配及教育政策制定的過程中採計個別群組的經營績效評估將更客觀、更有效率。本研究旨在探討臺灣地區技專校院資源運用與其產出績效，研究期間為89至94學年度臺灣地區14所國立及59所私立技專校院為研究對象，每一學年各校為一分析單位，共計73個研究樣本，將各樣本視為多元投入與多元產出之經濟機構。以國、私立技專校院相關資料進行變數篩選，選取適合的投入及產出變數，應用資料包絡分析法（Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA）及利用Battese and Rao(2002)提出之共同邊界觀念，放寬固定規模報酬假設，以BCC模式之產出導向為主要分析模型，進行評量國立技專校院群組、私立技專校院群組之經營績效差異性分析。實證結果顯示，在73個研究樣本中，國立技專校院之生產效率整體而言有14.10%之無效率，而管理之無效率是造成生產無效率的主要原因；私立技專校院之生產效率整體而言有21.40%之無效率，而管理之無效率也是造成生產無效率的主要原因。以共同邊界之DEA效率統計發現，整體而言國立技專校院有29.30%之無效率、私立技專校院有21.80%之無效率。私立技專校院表現優於國立技專校院。以TGR觀察平均為3.80%，私立技專校院表現優於國立技專校院，依據分析結果，本研究提出相關建議以供技專校院及教育主管機關參考。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析法；共同邊界法；教育

並列摘要

In recent years, experts and scholars were commissioned by the education sector to establish performance indicators to assess the operating performance of a school of higher education or self-test assessment was held by individual schools following the relevant indicators. However, the community, academia and schools expecting school management performance assessment should consider learning-employment gap, teachers' professional coaching skills and the use of objective assessment and make limited educational resources the most efficient using for enhancing national competitiveness. Technical institute and college in our country were divided into state and private two categories by government investment funds and the establishment of the organization. Considering the individual group business performance evaluation in the assessment of education funding allocation and education policy-making process will be more objective and more efficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Taiwan area Technical institute and college use the resources and its output performance during the study period for the 89-94 school year in Taiwan of 14 National and 59 private technical colleges was picked for the study, each academic school for each sample as the economic institutions of the multiple inputs and multiple outputs and there were total of 73 study samples. Relevant information variable of States, private Technical institute and college were filtered and selected the appropriate input and output ones to applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Metafrontier Approcah (Battese and Rao ,2002) to relax assumption of constant returns, and using the BCC output-oriented model as the main analysis to assessment the differences of operating performance between national Technical institute and college group and private Technical institute and college group. The results show that the percentage of inefficient production performance among overall National technical colleges is 14.10% and the inefficient management caused the inefficient production performance; the percentage of inefficient production performance among overall private technical colleges is 21.40% and the inefficient management also caused the inefficient production performance. Statistics exported by Meta-Frontier Data Envelopment found that the State technical colleges were in the whole inefficiency of 29.30%, and 21.80% of the private technical colleges inefficiency. Private technical colleges outperformed the national technical colleges. TGR observed an average of 3.80%, private technical colleges outperformed the national technical colleges, according to the results of the analysis in this study to make recommendations for technical colleges and education authorities reference.