混合類比和數位巨量接收陣列之基於多項式求根的到達方向估測

Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on Polynomial Rooting for Hybrid Analog and Digital Massive Receive Array

楊沐林(Mu-Lin Yang)

指導教授 ： 張安成

嶺東科技大學/資訊學院/資訊科技系碩士班/碩士(2022年)

摘要

一個大規模的全數位接收天線陣列可以提供高解析度的到達方向(direction-of-arrival, DOA)估測，但會導致非常高的射頻鏈路之電路成本。因此考慮到硬體成本和性能，有必要在尋向中應用混合類比和數位(hybrid analog and digital, HAD)架構。本論文討論了基於相位對準準則的HAD大規模接收陣列的DOA估測。首先，通過充分利用子陣列結構，本論文呈現混合類比和數位相位對準(hybrid analog and digital phase alignment, HADPA)和混合數位和類比相位對準(hybrid digital and analog phase alignment, HDAPA)等兩種線性搜尋的混合DOA估測方法，用以估測多重訊號源的DOA估測。
為了避免混合類比和數位相位對準(HADPA)和類比相位對準(analog and phase alignment, APA)估測方法，由於均採用較小的步階尺寸之純線性搜尋而導致較高的計算複雜度，本論文提出基於空間頻譜估測法則之修改的求根型最小變異無失真響應(minimum variance distortionless response with rooting, root-MVDR-HDAPA)估測器，其以近似的形式實現較低的複雜度。然而，這種求根方法在雜訊較大的情況下估測精準度性能相對稍差。在本論文中，我們亦提出一種改進的微分多項式求根估測方法，該方法能在低訊雜比情況下表現出DOA估測之強健性。最後，藉由電腦模擬結果驗證這些所提出估測方法的有效性。

關鍵字

巨量天線 ； 多輸入多輸出 ； 混合類比和數位 ； 到達方向估測 ； 多項式求根

並列摘要

A massive all-digital receive antenna array can provide high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, but resulting in a very high RF link circuit cost. Therefore, considering the hardware cost and performance, it is necessary to apply the hybrid analog and digital (HAD) architecture in the direction finding. This thesis discusses the DOA estimation based on phase alignment criterion for HAD massive receive array. Firstly, by fully exploiting the subarray structure, two hybrid DOA finding methods of using line search, hybrid analog and digital phase alignment (HADPA) and hybrid digital and analog phase alignment (HDAPA), are presented to estimate DOA for multiple signal sources in this thesis.
To avoid the high computational complexity of HADPA and analog and phase alignment (APA) due to the pure linear search with small step size. The modified minimum variance distortionless response with rooting (root-MVDR-HDAPA) is proposed based on spatial spectrum estimation to achieve lower complexity in an approximate form. However, this rooting method has a relatively poor accuracy performance for the DOA estimation in the case of large noise. In this thesis, we also propose an improved differential polynomial rooting estimation method that exhibits robustness of DOA estimation at low signal to noise ratio scenarios. Finally, the effectiveness of these proposed estimation methods is verified by computer simulation results.

並列關鍵字

massive antenna ； multiple input and multiple output ； hybrid analog and digital ； direction of arrival estimation ； polynomial rooting

參考文獻

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