專利間接侵害之研究

專利權在智慧財產權領域當中極為重要的一環，隨著知識經濟規模逐年擴大，智慧財產權保護之重要性日益被重視，專利侵權訴訟案件日益增多。專利制度是鼓勵人民發明創新，將其發明揭露於世人以取得一定時間的獨占權利，擁有專利權者具有排除他人侵害該專利之權利。在專利侵害學說上可分為直接侵害與間接侵害兩種，所有的國家都將專利直接侵害納入專利法規範，我國也不例外；而專利間接侵害制度起源於美國，在美國法上，專利間接侵害又可區分為引誘侵害與幫助侵害，其分別規定在美國專利法第271條b項及c項當中。而日本以及德國也先後在專利法中引進了該制度，但是各國並未採取一致的專利間接侵權判斷標準。專利間接侵害行為是一種比較殊特的侵權模式，也是專利保護立法中不可迴避的一個問題，目前已經將近有三十個國家國家在其專利法中都建立起專利間接侵害制度並日益成熟，以期對專利權人提供切實有效的保護。我國現行專利法所規範之侵權行為態樣僅包括對於物品專利權或方法專利權之直接侵害行為，而未包括間接侵害之行為；因此，受到間接侵害之專利權人僅能試圖依民法185條之共同侵權作為請求權救濟，這樣既不能有效解決專利間接侵害問題,也難以平衡專利權人與公眾之間的利益，亦使專利權人之權能有被限制之虞。本研究從比較法的角度，以美國、德國的立法例為考察對象，分別從專利間接侵害的立法模式、間接侵害與直接侵害之關係、主觀要件、行為態樣、行為客體等方面分析了專利間接侵害制度，來分析間接侵害之法律要件，也探討美國及德國有關間接侵害之代表性的司法判決，通過比較和分析，探索不同國家專利間接侵害制度的相同點和不同點，以期為日後我國建立專利間接侵害制度修法之參考以及實務審判之借鑒。本研究也針對我國2009年間接侵害修正草案之條文內容加以說明，藉以歸納出我國未來修法方向。最後，本研究認為智慧財產局應該重新思考將專利間接侵害法規化之必要性。

關鍵字

智慧財產權；專利；專利侵害；直接侵害；專利間接侵害；引誘侵害；幫助侵害；域外效力

並列摘要

Patent rights is a very important part in the field of intellectual property rights. Following the expansion of the scale of the knowledge-based economy, companies now attach great importance to protecting their intellectual property, and patent infringement litigations are happening with increasing frequency. The patent system encourages people to invent and create and to disclose their inventions in exchange for exclusive rights for a limited period of time. Patentee have the right to excluding others to infringe his patent rights. However, the patent infringement in doctrine area can be divided into two typies, one is direct infringement and the other is indirect infringement. All countries put the patent direct infringement into part of patent law﹐and R.O.C. has no exception. The patent indirect infringement system stems from the USA. The patent indirect infringement can be separated into induced infringement and contributory infringement which is defined respectively in the Article 271 item b and item c of United States Code Title 35. Japan and Germany have also introduced the system into patent law. But,for jurally disparity and the sociocultural distinction, there are different qualifications in these statutes. The patent indirect infringement is a special type of patent infringement. Which is also a domain which cannot be avoided in the patent protection legislation. About 30 countries have established the system of indirect infringement in their patent law in order to protect the patentees effectually. Presently R.O.C. merely stipulates direct infringement not the indirect infringement. Therefore, patentee suffered from the indirect infringement can only try to seek for Articles 85 of the R.O.C. Civil Code as the common tort claim for relief. This cannot solve the patent indirect infringement issues effectively or balance the interests between Patentee and the public. And also restrict the power of the patentee. This study analysis the system of patent indirect infringement from the point of comparative law, considered the legislation of the USA and German to the objection on the base of the kind and the relation between the direct infringement and indirect infringement and the subjective form and the kind of the behavior and the objection of the patent indirect infringement. And then analyzes the legal elements and types. This study also discusses some representative judicial decisions of the indirect infringement in USA and and German. According to the comparison,this part searches the similarities and differences in the patent indirect infringement in order to provide the reference of patent indirect infringement in ROC. This study also indirectly for our content infringement provisions of the 2009 draft amendments to illustrate. And try to provide some suggestions. Finally, this study suggests that the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office should rethink to the necessalities to increase the coverage of ROC Patent Act.

並列關鍵字

intellectual property rights ； patent ； patent infringement ； patent direct infringement ； patent indirect infringement ； induced infringement ； contributory infringement ； Extraterritorial Effect