- 學位論文
木黴菌對蝴蝶蘭耐寒性之影響
Effects of Trichoderma spp. on cold-tolerance of Phalaenopsis sp.
摘要
中文摘要 台灣地區地處於亞熱帶，四面環海，相對濕度高，氣候十分適合蝴蝶蘭的生長。蝴蝶蘭整年均可開花，但當受到強烈大陸冷氣團或寒流影響，氣溫明顯下降到10至8℃低溫時，會造成蝴蝶蘭生理及形態上不良影響而使開花品質下降。研究目的為利用木黴菌來增加蝴蝶蘭的抗寒性。本試驗以黃花白心蝴蝶蘭Phalaenopsis sp. Shinsun (Thal-Taipeigdd × Thal-brotherungget)及木黴菌(Trichoderma spp.)資材作為耐寒性試驗之供試材料。利用寒害受害率(Cold injury severity;%)、葉綠素讀值、植株生質量(Biomass)與葉片解剖形態，評估木黴菌資材添加對蝴蝶蘭耐寒性之影響。黃花白心蝴蝶蘭Phalaenopsis sp.於模擬低溫8℃下1到第10天，回溫一週後，發現經 處理低溫8天以上者，植株下位葉片幾乎脫落，葉片呈現水浸軟化狀且有黑褐色斑塊產生。分別處理木黴菌(Trichoderma spp.)資材T1、T2、T3及T4以四種於蝴蝶蘭處理結果發現，T1有明顯提升黃花白心品種蝴蝶蘭之耐寒性。植株葉片於木黴菌資材T1處理組回溫2~6天葉綠素讀值下降較其他處理緩和。試驗發現，蝴蝶蘭根經過8℃低溫傷害後明顯減少且有腐爛情形。測量蝴蝶蘭在處理木黴菌前及處理木黴菌後植株生質量，發現於處理木黴菌T1於低溫處理回溫後植株生質量則增加了2.81g。將健康的蝴蝶蘭葉片及有低溫造成壞疽的葉片解剖，處理木黴菌T1資材處理葉片，細胞壁較完整，進而使葉綠體沒有受到低溫逆境而流失。將木黴菌資材處理蝴蝶蘭植株不同天數(28、35、42及49天)後，在第35天木黴菌資材T1表現較其他處理好。處理7g(108 CFU/g)的木黴菌T1資材，寒害受害率低於3g(108 CFU/g)與5g(108 CFU/g)。木黴菌菌絲生長方面，最佳生長溫度為28℃，溫度低於8℃時，T1及T2均處於休眠狀態。將添加木黴菌資材對蝴蝶蘭根纏繞能力之影響的結果來看，木黴菌資材T1及T2處理時間越長纏繞能力也相對提高。
並列摘要
Abstract Located in the subtropical zone, Taiwan is completely surrounded by sea with relatively high humidity all year round. The environment on this island is suitable for the growth of orchids. The Phalaenopsis spp. could bloom during all seasons, but the flower’s quality and physiology are negatively affected by the cold current that lowers the temperature to clear 8-10℃. The objective of this experiment is to analyze Trichoderma spp. and its effect on Phalaenopsis’ resistance to coldness. The experiment will utilize Phalaenopsis sp. Shinsun (Thal-Taipeigdd × Thal-brotherungget) and Trichoderma spp. as media materials . Through investigations of the percentage of cold injury severity, concentration of chlorophyll, biomass, leaf anatomic conformation, leaf cell wall thickening of Phalaenopsis sp., and the physiological characteristic of Trichoderma sp., this experiment will estimate the effects Trichoderma spp. On Phalaenopsis’ ability to resist cold temperature.The Phalaenopsis sp. exposed to temperature of 8℃ for a period between 1 to 10 days, and then restored to normal temperature for one week, exhibited hypogyny of leaves abscised, leaf water lesion and black rotting spot. The experiment shows T1 had increased the cold-resistance of Phalaenopsis sp. more than other Trichoderma strains when Phalaenopsis sp. were added with equal quanity of T1, T2 T3 and T4.However, when Phalaenopsis sp. were treated with T1 or T2, the chlorophyll concentration of T1 treatment decreased slower than the other treatment. According to this result, without T1 or T2 treatment, the number of roots of Phalaenopsis sp. decreased dramatically and showed rotting post exposing to 8℃ treatment. A measurement of the biomass of plants unclerwent T1 treatment increased by 12.73% . Comparing the anatomy of the leaf form T1 treatment with that of the control, the cell wall of the leaf form T1 treatment was thicker than that of the control consequently, prevented the lose of chloroplast due to the stress of low temperature. According to the cold injury severity experiment, the ability to resist coldness of Phalaenopsis sp. treated by T1 for 35 days performed better than that of others treated for different number(28, 35 , 42 and 49) of days.The cold injury severity of Phalaenopsis sp. treated by T1 with 7g(108×CFU/g) was lower than that of Phalaenopsis sp. treated by T1 with 3g(108×CFU/g) and 5g(108×CFU/g). As for mycelia growth of Trichoderma spp. 28℃ is the optimal temperature while when the temperature is below 8℃, both of mycelia of T1 and T2 remain in hibernation. The data of the experiment of the effect of adding Trichoderma material on the root colonization ability increased following both treatment course and quality treatment course.