台灣地區成人健康行為對醫療利用之分析研究

The Study of Health Behaviors of Adults on Medical Utilization in Taiwan

張筑涵(Zhu-Han Chang)

指導教授 ： 劉見祥

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

近年來，台灣醫療科技進步、營養充足、醫學發達、公共環境衛
生的改善等等，使得人民平均壽命延長。在新世紀中，遺傳體質、環
境因素以及醫療照護雖然對人體健康均有影響，但生活型態和健康行
為已然是健康決定因子中最具決定性之重要因素。
本研究資料來源為行政院衛生署國民健康局的民國九十四年國
民健康訪問調查的資料，篩選出台灣地區十八歲以上的個案為研究對
象。研究目的有四：1.瞭解台灣地區成人的健康行為（喝酒、吸菸、
嚼檳榔、運動、注射流行性感冒疫苗）狀況。2.暸解台灣地區成人醫
療服務利用情形。3.探討台灣地區成人健康行為狀況在不同人口社會
學變項和自覺健康狀況的差異情形。4.探討台灣地區成人人口社會學
變項和自覺健康狀況和健康行為狀況對醫療服務利用的關係。
健康行為狀況顯示，喝酒比例為36.3%、吸菸超過5包的比例為
29.8%、現在有嚼食檳榔的比例為9.3%、規律運動的比例為1.4%、注
射流行性感冒疫苗的比例為4.4%。醫療服務利用顯示，過去一年內曾
利用急診的人數為2387人(13.5%)；過去一年內曾利用住院醫療的人
數為1297人(7.3%)；過去一個月內曾利用門診的人數為10975人
(61.9%)。
本研究結果發現，自覺健康狀況越不好，其醫療利用情形也增加。
健康危害行為狀況與門診醫療利用有顯著的負相關。運動狀況與其他
狀況者相比，利用門診的機率是較高的。有注射過流行性感冒疫苗者，
利用急診、住院和門診的機率皆較高。
本研究建議未來要探討健康行為對醫療利用影響的研究採用長
期追蹤的研究方法，且納入更多種類的健康危害和促進行為，以便能
更明顯看出其之間的影響關係。也建議衛生單位針對有健康危害行為
狀況的對象推廣健康促進行為，可以在社區、學校、職場、醫療機構
等地方設計適合之健康促進行為介入活動，以增進其身心的健康福
祉。

關鍵字

健康行為 ； 醫療利用

並列摘要

Recent years in Taiwan, The improvement in medical technologies,
nutrition and public environment have made the average living longer and longer. Although the elements of inheritance, environment and medical have an effect on human beings’ health, lots of other researches show that life styles and health behaviors are the major factors affecting people’health, especially in new century.
This study is based on date from the National Health Interview
Survey, provided by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of
Health and chooses the cases whose age are above eighteen in Taiwan.
The purposes, in addition, in this research have four: First is the study want to understand the adult-health behaviors, such as drink smoking, betel eating, exercise and flu-vaccine injection, and second is that it uses the date to figure out the conditions of medical utilizing of adults. Third is that the study discusses whether different health behaviors in different demographic variables and situations of self-perceived health have different influences; moreover, it also wants to show if the medical utilization on each of demographic variables, situations of self-perceived health and condition of health behaviors has significant correlation.
The results of health behaviors indicate that the adults have 36.3%
of drinking habit, have 28.9% of smoking per day above five packages,
have 9.3% of eating betel, have 1.4% of exercising regularity and have
4.4% of injecting vaccine of flu. The results also show that 2387(13.5%) adults use the emergency service, 1297(7.3%) adults use the inpatient services and 10975(61.9%) adults use the outpatient services in the past year.
The results find that if the self-consciousness condition is not well,
the medical utilization will increase. The behaviors of health damage and the outpatient utilization have a negative correlation in the study.
Moreover, comparing with the other conditions, adults having frequent
exercises always have higher outpatient utilization. Finally, adults
injected the vaccine of flu have frequent medical utilization on the
emergency services, the inpatient services and the outpatient services.
Wanting to discuss the effects, health behaviors on medical
utilization, the government should take a long-term tracing and collect more behaviors of damaging and improving health, which can make the correlation obviously, to put into the other research in the future. The study also suggests that the government focus on some groups that have the behaviors of health damage to popularize the health promotion; in addition, it also can design the suitable activities of health promotion into schools, communities, workplaces and medical institutions so that it can improve health.

並列關鍵字

health behaviors ； medical utilization

參考文獻

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