南投縣原住民鄉國小高年級學童菸害調查與衛教介入成效分析

A study of tobacco utilization and the effect of health educational intervention among elementary school students of aboriginal area in Nantou County

關仁俊(Jen-Chun Kuan)

指導教授 ： 何清松

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究的目的在瞭解原民鄉學童吸菸率、菸品之來源，家人及朋友吸菸情形、菸害認知及其影響因素與菸害介入模式之成效。研究樣本取自南投縣仁愛及信義鄉32所小學五、六年級之全部學童共796人。結果發現學童吸菸盛行率為34.70%(男生36.3%、女生33.1%)高於一般學童吸菸比例甚多，且家庭中有40.8％父親有吸菸， 23.7％父母親都吸菸，其中菸品的來源以同學或朋友給的佔最多佔36.4％。
有關菸害防制介入措施，教材係取材自國民健康局開發之教材，共分5小時，接受介入課程的學童為五、六年級學生，共228位，區分為健康促進學校、非健康促進學校及對照組學校。前後測在教學介入前後間距一個月的時間，以集體方式施測，評估其介入成效。
結果顯示顯示父母、同儕吸菸行為與學童本身之菸害認知皆為影響其吸菸之重要因素，且實驗組學童經由菸害教育課程介入後可有效提升菸害認知，進而減少其吸菸行為，說明衛生署國民健康局所設計之教案對於學童菸害防制教育有其成效。建議衛生教育主管機關針對原民鄉學童以活動的課程設計，即早進行學童菸害防制介入措施，以避免同學嚐試吸菸或養成吸菸行為。

關鍵字

原民鄉 ； 吸菸盛行率 ； 菸害防制 ； 健康促進學校

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to explore prevalence of smoking, source of cigarettes smoking behavior of their families and friends, and effects of a tobacco educational intervention on the knowledge of tobacco hazards, attitudes toward smoking, and self-efficacy among elementary school students in aboriginal area.
The subjects were 796 fifth- to sixth-grade students from 32 schools in aboriginal area in Nantou as the population of this study. The data was collected via a self-administrated questionnaire and was completed over the period from June to July, 2007. According to the result, the smoking rate among the students was 34.7%, which was higher than regular students in the same age. There were 40.8% and 23.7% of them whose father and both parents smoked, and the major sources of cigarettes were from classmates or friends approximately 36.4%.
Additionally, the tools of tobacco control educational intervention were developed by Bureau of Health Promotion. Total number of valid subject of the intervention was 228 and distributed the students into experimental groups (health promoting and non-health promoting school) and control group. In order to compare the effectiveness of the intervention, pro-test was administrated in one month after the program.
In conclusion, smoking behavior of parents and peers and knowledge of tobacco hazards were the important factors which influence smoking behavior among the aboriginal students in this study; however, the intervention could significantly increase the knowledge and attitudes toward smoking among the experimental groups compared with the control groups in terms of immediate effect which result in reduction of smoking. Therefore, the interventional program obviously increased the effectiveness of health education. Last but not least, it was suggested that government should design curriculum to assist fifth- to sixth-grade aboriginal students to resist smoking pressures and avoid smoking behavior immdiately.

並列關鍵字

aboriginal area ； prevalence of smoking ； tobacco control ； health promoting school

參考文獻

行政院衛生署國民健康局(2006)。國中生吸菸行為調查。行政院衛生署國民健康局，台北。

行政院衛生署(2002)。學校健康促進計畫(九十一年一月至九十三年十二月)。

李燕鳴、張慈桂(1999)。原住民與漢族青少年之身心症狀和不利健康生活型態的差異。慈濟醫學，11(3)，237-245。

李蘭、黃美維、陸玓玲、潘怜燕、李隆安、鄧肖琳(1995)。台灣地區成年人的健康行為探討：分布情形、因素結構與相關因素。中華公共衛生雜誌，14(4)，358-368。

高雅珠、晏涵文(1997)。吸菸預防教育介入研究。中華公共衛生雜誌，16(2)：160-160。