銀行過度放款及其影響因素之研究

A Study of Bank Over-Lending and Its Determinants

陳永旺(Yong Wang Chen)

指導教授 ： 劉永欽

亞洲大學/管理學院/經營管理學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

在資訊不對稱下，企業為取得較多的融資、較低的借款利息或其他較優惠的授信條件，必然會與銀行維持良好往來關係和盡力表現企業成功的一面，對於較不利於企業的訊息則選擇不予表達，故容易使銀行核給不適當的信用額度。對於企業申請的借款金額，銀行若無法完全配合，即放款不足，企業必會尋求其他融資管道以滿足其資金需求，否則將影響其正常營運和成長；反之，若銀行過度配合，即可能過度放款，導致企業破產風險上升，而銀行本身也承受違約風險。
本研究從個別企業角度出發，檢視1993年至2007年的本國上市、櫃公司向所有金融機構的短期借款總額是否過多。方法上，比較實際短期借款與估計的營運週轉金額度上限，以判斷企業是否過度借款 (即金融機構過度放款)，再結合各企業各年度觀測值 (pooling cross-sectional and time series data)，執行logistic迴歸分析，以了解哪些變數可以判斷是否過度放款。結果發現，過度借款企業與財務危機企業有部分正相關；金融機構對過去獲利力較差、負債比率較高、信用等級較差、成長性較高、規模較大、往來銀行家數愈多、較依賴金融機構借款之企業以及擔保放款，較容易過度放款；放款市場較競爭及景氣較佳時，銀行也有可能會過度放款，但統計顯著性不穩定。

關鍵字

過度放款 ； 銀行往來關係 ； 營運週轉金

並列摘要

Under information asymmetry, firms are bounded to keep a good banking relationship and show success dimensions insofar as they can to get more margin lending, lower borrowing rate of interest and other preferential conditions of credit. Also, firms choose to express no messages harmful to themselves which easily makes the bank give an inappropriate credit line to them. If the bank can’t lend completely the money which firms apply for, that is, there is an insufficient lending, firms have to seek other ways to get access to margin lending for meeting their fund demands, so firms won’t face any impacts on their general operation and growth. On the contrary, if the banks lend excessively firms the money, it’s likely to be an over-lending and lead to a high risk of bankruptcy of firms, and the bank also load high default risks.
From a viewpoint of individual firm, this research examines if the total amounts of short-term borrowings from all financial institutions are in excess of their fund demands for firms with stocks publicly traded in the Taiwan Securities Exchange and OTC markets from 1993 to 2007. About research methods, this paper compares practical short-term borrows with working capital (turnover funds) limits (lines) to make a judgment if the firm has an over-borrowing (so called over-lending of financial institutions). Combining pooling cross-sectional and time-series data of all sample firms to perform a logistic regression, so that which variables are capable of judging over-lending of banks. The findings are as follows. There is a slightly relation between over-lending and financial crisis of firms. The financial institutions tend to have a over-lending easily for firms with inferior profitabilities, high debt ratios, poor grade of credits, high growth rates, large scale, more interactive banks, high ratios of borrowing from financial institutions and secured loans. The bank will possibly have an over-lending when both the market of lending becomes competitive and the economy conditions boom, but the significance is unstable statistically.

並列關鍵字

Over-Lending ； Correspondent Bank's Relationship ； Transport Business ； Working Capital

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