- 學位論文
我國贍養費制度之社會福利意涵及司法實證研究
The Empirical Legal Study of Alimony System in Taiwan from The Perspective of Social Welfare
摘要
為確實保障離婚後經濟較為弱勢一方之生活，在民法第1057條中，設置「贍養費」制度。 有鑑於國內外有關離婚家庭方面的研究皆提出：「離婚後最常會遇到的問題為『經濟問題』，然現行台灣公部門對於「單親家庭福利供給」制度未規劃完善，使得為保障離婚後經濟較為弱勢一方生活而設置的「贍養費」制度，對維護離婚後單親家庭之經濟安全有其必要性。 本研究希望藉由司法院所提供之「司法判決」進行普查及檔案分析，探討「贍養費」請求案件裁判實況，以此檢視「贍養費」制度是否有發揮：「保障離婚後經濟弱勢者一方經濟安全」之效果，並藉此回應社會政策在其過程的最後階段－政策評估上的要求。 研究發現，1999年至2009年間，請求贍養費之案件數由地方法院審理僅179件、高等法院審理計64件、最高法院審理計13件，案件聘請訴訟代理人比例高，案件請求者多以女性、本國籍民眾為多，且案件「勝訴」比例遠低於一般民事訴訟案件之勝訴比例，而法官判斷「請求人是否陷於生活困難」時，則多採自由心證，無特定的審理標準。 本文針對立法層面、司法層面、社工實務面提出以下建議：建議「增加透過兩願離婚方式離婚者可請求贍養費」、「司法審酌標準具體化」、「司法單位辦理實務研討，凝聚裁判基準的共識」、「社會工作者熟讀贍養費制度，以協助服務者使用」。使離婚後經濟較為弱勢一方之生活，確實獲得保障。
並列摘要
In order to ensure the divorced life of economically disadvantaged groups, the “Alimony system” was established in the Civil Law 1057. In literature review, the most commonly problem after divorced is economy problem. However, a well-planned welfare for single parent families still not provided by the government of Taiwan. If the alimony system can be applicable indeed, it will practical maintaining the economy problems of those families. Therefore, this study is proposed to review the applicable of Alimony System whether it has been by analysis judgment provided by Judiciary. Based on the study indicated from 1999 to 2009, the number of applying for alimony only 179 cases judged by the District Court, the 64 cases by the Supreme Court and the 13 cases by the Taiwan High Court. The high proportion of enraging lawyers and mostly applicants are females and Taiwanese. Even the averages of recovering cases are lower than general civil action cases. However, when the judge to determine "Whether the applicants has been difficult in their life." Most of them adopt Free Evaluation and do not stand on any specific cognizant standards. According to this study, I recommend the following suggestions: “To increase the apply chance for those consensual divorce people”.” The judiciary should hold the practice seminar to agglomerate common of the standard judgment. “The social worker should familiar with alimony system”. Enable the economically disadvantaged groups can surely acquire their security life after divorced.