- 學位論文
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Mongolia
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Mongolia
摘要
Background. The development of healthy eating patterns during adolescence, including an adequate fruit and vegetable intake, may lead to continue healthy eating patterns during adulthood. Due to the many health benefits associated with fruits and vegetables intake, increasing consumption are recommended. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students’ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Methods. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia GSHS. The GSHS administered a self-report questionnaire to a nationally representative sample (N= 5328) of 7th-11th grade school children. For this analysis 18 questions were selected from the questionnaire, 2 for dependents and 16 for independent variables. The two variables related to fruit and vegetable intake served as dependent variables. Independent variables were demographic, environmental, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and to predict the fruit and vegetable intake from associated factors. Results. About one fifth (17% for male and 23% for female) of the students ate vegetable 3 or more times per day, 16% male and 17% female ate fruit 2 or more times per day during last 30 days. Only 7.6% of students met WHO’s recommendation of eating fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day. There was a significant association between gender and vegetable intake (p=.000). There was a significant relationship between living condition and fruit intake (p=.001). There was a significant relationship between living condition and vegetable intake (p=.011). Students who lived in apartment were more likely to have adequate fruit (OR= 1.391, 95 % CI= 1.140-1.697) and vegetable intake (OR=1.417, 95% CI=1.172-1.713) than those who lived in ger in the khashaa. There was also a significant association between healthy eating class and both fruit (p=.002) and vegetable (p=.016) intake. Students have had healthy eating class were more likely to have adequate fruit (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.14-1.59) and vegetable intake (OR= 1.25, 95% CI=1.46-1.07). Breakfast frequency was significantly associated with both fruit and vegetable intake (p=.000). There was no association between gender and fruit intake (p=.238). Students with regular physical activity were more likely to have adequate vegetable intake (OR=1.387, 95% CI=1.157-1.662) than students without it. Conclusion. Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake is common among Mongolian adolescents. These study findings identify the important risk factors related to fruit and vegetable intake for adolescents. The results of this study highlight the importance of targeting risk factors such as no healthy eating class, not having a physical education class, and physical inactivity in school health education and promotion programs. To be effective, educational interventions should be implemented as early as possible.
並列摘要
Background. The development of healthy eating patterns during adolescence, including an adequate fruit and vegetable intake, may lead to continue healthy eating patterns during adulthood. Due to the many health benefits associated with fruits and vegetables intake, increasing consumption are recommended. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students’ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Methods. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia GSHS. The GSHS administered a self-report questionnaire to a nationally representative sample (N= 5328) of 7th-11th grade school children. For this analysis 18 questions were selected from the questionnaire, 2 for dependents and 16 for independent variables. The two variables related to fruit and vegetable intake served as dependent variables. Independent variables were demographic, environmental, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and to predict the fruit and vegetable intake from associated factors. Results. About one fifth (17% for male and 23% for female) of the students ate vegetable 3 or more times per day, 16% male and 17% female ate fruit 2 or more times per day during last 30 days. Only 7.6% of students met WHO’s recommendation of eating fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day. There was a significant association between gender and vegetable intake (p=.000). There was a significant relationship between living condition and fruit intake (p=.001). There was a significant relationship between living condition and vegetable intake (p=.011). Students who lived in apartment were more likely to have adequate fruit (OR= 1.391, 95 % CI= 1.140-1.697) and vegetable intake (OR=1.417, 95% CI=1.172-1.713) than those who lived in ger in the khashaa. There was also a significant association between healthy eating class and both fruit (p=.002) and vegetable (p=.016) intake. Students have had healthy eating class were more likely to have adequate fruit (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.14-1.59) and vegetable intake (OR= 1.25, 95% CI=1.46-1.07). Breakfast frequency was significantly associated with both fruit and vegetable intake (p=.000). There was no association between gender and fruit intake (p=.238). Students with regular physical activity were more likely to have adequate vegetable intake (OR=1.387, 95% CI=1.157-1.662) than students without it. Conclusion. Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake is common among Mongolian adolescents. These study findings identify the important risk factors related to fruit and vegetable intake for adolescents. The results of this study highlight the importance of targeting risk factors such as no healthy eating class, not having a physical education class, and physical inactivity in school health education and promotion programs. To be effective, educational interventions should be implemented as early as possible.