臺灣軍職人員受撤職處分之思辨

所謂「撤職」，乃是對已受國家賦予職務之軍官、士官，發現其有失職或違法之行為，而以命令撤除其職務，屬剝奪現役軍人工作權與身分權的人事處分。在權益的保障上，尚涉及身分存續與否、退除給與、軍人保險退伍給付，及工作權的回役復職等面向；本文藉由法制學之角度，觀察目前現行有關撤職法令之實務運作，發現仍有救濟制度、程序上（準備期間欠缺合理性）及實體面（忽略情節輕重一律從重，違反比例原則之虞）等爭議，建議未來應以明確性角度提升撤職法律位階及其法效性，並宜周延軍事場域之法制體系，建構兼顧領導統御之人權環境，使其符合法治國「依法治軍」要求，以求完善。

關鍵字

人事；撤職；懲罰；法制；公務員

並列摘要

The so-called ＂ dismissal ＂ refers to the removal of military officers or noncommissioned officers who have been given positions by the state if they are found to be dereliction of duty or illegal, and order to remove them from their positions. This is a kind of personnel punishment that deprives active military personnel of their right to work and identity. In the protection of rights and interests, it also involves the existence of their status, reimbursement, military insurance and retirement benefits, and reinstatement of the right to work. From the perspective of Rule by Law, this article observes the current practical operation of the current removal law. Through our analysis, we found that the dismissal is still controversial in terms of remedy scheme, procedure (the preparation period lacks reasonableness), and the physical aspect (ignoring the seriousness of the circumstances, violating the principle of proportionality). This article proposes that in the future, the level of dismissal on law and its effects should be improved from a clear perspective, and the legal system of the military field should be comprehensively established, and a human rights environment that takes commander in chief into account should be established to meet the requirements of ruling the army by law for perfection.