肉桂藥材名實考證

目的為經由歷代文獻所載「肉桂」藥材及其藥性記載，俾便建立其使用標準。然「肉桂」其名之衍且涉於諸桂之用，雖曰諸家本草、方書備載，然至今仍然未得明朗，則「肉桂」藥材之名實何指？方法係將歷代本草、方書典籍諸文獻材料，試對「肉桂」藥材加以辨析，希冀得其原貌，俾使名實相符。經由研究結果顯示，「肉桂」一名，始載於唐．蘇敬《新修本草》；然實早出於南梁．陶弘景《本草經集註．桂》：「案《本經》唯有菌桂、牡桂，而無此『桂』，用、體大同小異。今世用便有三種，以半卷、多脂者，單名『桂』，入藥最多」之一，經由藥材修治之外觀皆由「半卷」而得名。於方書，「肉桂」一名始載於南北朝．陳延之《小品方》。結論是「肉桂」是以「肉多，半卷」為據，則「半卷」肉桂，當係從牡桂脫出者為是；至其與桂枝混施，當以「桂心」為擇。至於其用，《本草經集註．桂》：「所用悉與前說相應。」故核定肉桂藥材於典籍文獻上之名實，當可正確肉桂藥材之使用。

關鍵字

肉桂；桂心；本草；方書；藥性

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to identify the use of rou-guei through the medicinal material and the nature of medicinals in ancient documentation. The name and the use of rou-guei can be seen in many editions of materia medica, classical formula. However, the correct medicinal material and the use of rou-guei are still unclear. The result shows that the name of rou-guei was first used in Xinxiubencao (Su Jing) during Tang dynasty. But the medicinal material has already been used since Bencaojingjizhu (Tao Hongjing) during Liang dynasty: ＂There were only jiunguei and mu-guei in Shennongbencaojing. The use and appearance are similar. There are three kinds of guei at the time. The one with half rolled and full of oil which we called guei is the most used.＂ So the name of rou-guei is due to the half rolled appearance. Rou-guei was also first shown in the classical formula called Xiaopinfang (Chen Yanzhi) during Northern and Southern dynasties. The conclusion shows the appearance of the medicinal material of rou-guei is half rolled and full of oil. This kind of guei is separated from mu-guei. We should choose guei-sin rather than guei-jhih. The use of rou-guei is like the foregoing in Bencaojingjizhu (Tao Hongjing). This study can benefit the origin and source when using the medicinal material of rou-guei.