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Pediatric airway diseases are commonly encountered not only in emergency departments but also in outpatient clinics. Acute respiratory emergencies present either as upper or lower airway obstruction disease. Croup, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, deep neck infections, and bacterial tracheitis are the common causes of pediatric respiratory emergencies. This article reviews the differential diagnosis and management profiles of common and uncommon conditions in infants and children presenting with upper airway emergencies. Recurrent upper airway obstructions due to obstructive sleep apnea, which may cause recurrent pulmonary edema are also discussed. (J Pediatr Resp Dis 2012;8:25- 31)

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